Table 1 Characteristics and circulating biomarker concentrations and activities in BVSII participants; median (IQR) or absolute numbers n (%)

Paraoxonase activity (U/ml)

89.3 (61.1; 154.8)

86.7 (60.4; 156.0)

96.5 (63.6; 154.0)

0.481

Arylesterase activity (U/ml)

163.7 (139.1; 189.5)

159.3 (138.8; 184.9)

168.3 (139.8; 194.4)

0.043

TNFα(pg/ml)

11.2 (8.8; 14.5)

12.0 (9.4; 15.3)

10.9 (8.4; 13.7)

0.004

Leptin (pg/ml)

9.3 (5.3; 16.8)

5.5 (3.5; 8.8)

13.1 (8.5; 22.7)

< 0.0001

Hs-Crp (ng/ml)

1.6 (0.8; 3.7)

1.6 (0.8; 3.4)

1.59 (0.8; 3.9)

0.807

IL-6 (pg/ml)

1.4 (0.95; 2.4)

1.5 (1.1; 2.7)

1.3 (0.9; 2.2)

0.006

Age

46.0 (37.8; 62.0)

53.0 (38.0; 64.0)

44.0 (37.0; 59.0)

0.002

Alcohol consumption (g/day)

7.5 (0.4; 21.0)

19.2 (5.1; 34.5)

3.8 (0.2; 12.2)

< 0.0001

HDL cholesterol (mg/dl)

45.8 (41.2; 51.8)

43.7 (39.9; 48.4)

48.2 (42.8; 53.5)

< 0.0001

BMI (kg/m²)

25.9 (23.0; 29.0)

26.6 (24.1; 29.4)

25.1 (22.3; 28.7)

< 0.0001

Waist circumference (cm)

92.5 (83.0; 103.1)

100.0 (92.5; 107.0)

86.0 (78.0; 97.3)

< 0.0001

Socioeconomic status

0.089

 1 (lowest)

66 (13.1)

23 (10.6)

43 (15.0)

 2

120 (23.8)

54 (24.9)

66 (23.0)

 3

158 (31.3)

68 (31.3)

90 (31.4)

 4

109 (21.6)

42 (19.4)

67 (23.3)

 5 (highest)

51 (10.1)

30 (13.8)

21 (7.3)

Physical activity (hours per week)

0.351

 0

230 (45.6)

95 (43.8)

135 (47.0)

 0.1 to 3.9

144 (28.6)

59 (27.2)

85 (29.6)

  > =4

130 (25.8)

63 (29.0)

67 (23.3)

Smoking status

< 0.0001

 never

265 (52.6)

89 (41.0)

176 (61.3)

 former

118 (23.4)

64 (29.5)

54 (18.8)

 current

121 (24.0)

64 (29.5)

57 (19.9)