Table 1 Inclusion and Exclusion criteria

18–80 years of age

Known hypersensitivity or contraindications to alirocumab and/or statin therapy

Diagnosed as stable coronary artery disease or acute coronary syndrome

Received balloon angioplasty or stent implantation for target lesion

Received OCT imaging measurement

Unable to conduct OCT imaging analysis

LDL cholesterol values ≥1.81 mmol/L for patients with ACS or ≥ 2.59 mmol/L for non-ACS patients despite statin therapy

Prior usage of PCSK9 inhibitors

At least one intermediate lesion (50–70% diameter stenosis) in de novo coronary arteries

Severe renal dysfunction (creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min)

Provided written informed consent

Severe hepatic dysfunction

Baseline triglyceride > 400 mg/dl

History of hemorrhagic stroke

Pregnant or breast-feeding women

Life expectancy < 1 year

Inappropriate for the study for any reason based on the investigators’ judgement