Table 4 Effect size of TGW phenotypes on NAFLD in exploratory subgroups

Age (years)

0.0425

 18–29

Ref

6.42 (0.93, 44.30)

1.13 (0.29, 4.45)

__^a

 30–44

2.05 (1.05, 4.00)

5.35 (2.66, 10.74)

3.01 (1.50, 6.06)

5.96 (2.70, 13.15)

 45–59

2.50 (1.28, 4.89)

3.76 (1.86, 7.59)

3.37 (1.68, 6.76)

5.45 (2.45, 12.13)

  ≥ 60

1.52 (0.73, 3.18)

1.73 (0.68, 4.37)

2.56 (1.10, 5.97)

7.73 (1.79, 33.35)

Height (m)

0.0098

 Low

Ref

1.35 (0.96, 1.91)

1.42 (1.11, 1.83)

4.12 (2.36, 7.20)

 High

0.93 (0.78, 1.12)

2.03 (1.60, 2.58)

1.25 (0.96, 1.61)

1.93 (1.31, 2.84)

Weight (kg)

0.1046

 Low

Ref

1.50 (0.90, 2.50)

2.05 (1.38, 3.05)

2.88 (0.98, 8.48)

 High

1.22 (0.98, 1.52)

2.43 (1.86, 3.18)

1.59 (1.19, 2.13)

3.16 (2.11, 4.74)

BMI (kg/m²)

0.0147

  < 25

Ref

2.12 (1.75, 2.57)

4.14 (3.20, 5.35)

5.86 (3.01, 11.42)

  ≥ 25

3.59 (3.01, 4.27)

6.69 (4.87, 9.21)

8.79 (7.37, 10.48)

14.34 (10.29,20.00)

Habit of exercise

0.4137

 No

Ref

2.01 (1.67, 2.43)

1.33 (1.09, 1.63)

2.60 (1.85, 3.66)

 Yes

0.87 (0.73, 1.05)

1.48 (1.01, 2.17)

1.57 (1.06, 2.31)

2.22 (0.97, 5.10)

ALT (U/L)

0.1011

  < 40

Ref

1.82 (1.51, 2.20)

1.34 (1.10, 1.64)

2.62 (1.83, 3.74)

  ≥ 40

4.74 (3.69, 6.11)

12.25 (7.26, 20.64)

5.64 (3.49, 9.11)

5.53 (2.85, 10.71)

AST (U/L)

0.7095

  < 40

Ref

1.93 (1.62, 2.30)

1.39 (1.14, 1.68)

2.54 (1.83, 3.52)

  ≥ 40

2.91 (1.72, 4.94)

11.57 (3.10, 43.13)

3.45 (1.37, 8.71)

6.54 (1.44, 29.76)

GGT (U/L)

0.2751

  < 40

Ref

2.05 (1.69, 2.48)

1.44 (1.18, 1.75)

2.56 (1.80, 3.66)

  ≥ 40

1.56 (1.24, 1.96)

2.14 (1.52, 3.01)

1.64 (1.04, 2.59)

3.57 (1.85, 6.89)

HDL-C (mmol/L)

0.1834

  < 1.03

Ref

2.35 (1.80, 3.06)

1.01 (0.71, 1.45)

2.66 (1.66, 4.25)

  ≥ 1.03

0.60 (0.50, 0.72)

1.35 (1.02, 1.78)

0.90 (0.70, 1.16)

1.96 (1.25, 3.09)

TC (mmol/L)

0.0915

  < 5.2

Ref

2.12 (1.59, 2.83)

1.67 (1.31, 2.14)

2.18 (1.21, 3.92)

  ≥ 5.2

1.66 (1.44, 1.91)

3.25 (2.65, 3.99)

1.95 (1.53, 2.48)

4.71 (3.26, 6.81)

FPG (mmol/L)

0.4621

  < 5.6

Ref

2.11 (1.72, 2.60)

1.42 (1.15, 1.75)

2.91 (1.99, 4.26)

  ≥ 5.6

1.43 (1.22, 1.68)

2.42 (1.84, 3.18)

1.87 (1.38, 2.52)

2.88 (1.69, 4.90)

HbA1c (mmol/L)

0.3226

 Low

Ref

2.05 (1.58, 2.64)

1.21 (0.91, 1.61)

2.22 (1.37, 3.61)

 High

1.39 (1.21, 1.60)

2.60 (2.06, 3.27)

2.13 (1.69, 2.69)

4.02 (2.67, 6.06)

SBP (mmHg)

0.3960

  < 140

Ref

2.01 (1.68, 2.40)

1.42 (1.17, 1.73)

2.46 (1.75, 3.45)

  ≥ 140

1.52 (1.14, 2.02)

2.37 (1.37, 4.10)

1.61 (1.05, 2.45)

5.87 (2.34, 14.71)

SBP (mmHg)

0.7907

  < 90

Ref

2.00 (1.67, 2.39)

1.41 (1.16, 1.71)

2.56 (1.82, 3.61)

  ≥ 90

1.18 (0.86, 1.62)

1.83 (1.08, 3.11)

1.36 (0.85, 2.18)

3.11 (1.36, 7.11)

Drinking status

0.0879

 Non or small

Ref

1.88 (1.55, 2.29)

1.33 (1.08, 1.63)

3.35 (2.28, 4.92)

 Light

0.58 (0.47, 0.72)

1.21 (0.82, 1.78)

0.96 (0.64, 1.46)

0.75 (0.40, 1.39)

 Moderate

0.56 (0.41, 0.75)

1.36 (0.83, 2.23)

1.16 (0.60, 2.26)

0.92 (0.33, 2.60)

Smoking status

0.4716

 Non

Ref

1.87 (1.42, 2.46)

1.48 (1.17, 1.86)

3.51 (2.17, 5.68)

 Past

0.97 (0.82, 1.16)

2.06 (1.51, 2.81)

1.31 (0.93, 1.86)

1.47 (0.76, 2.83)

 Current

0.74 (0.62, 0.89)

1.42 (1.08, 1.87)

0.92 (0.65, 1.30)

1.81 (1.10, 2.98)