Table 2 Comparison of clinical data between patients with or without liver failure, and survival or mortality

 Age (y)

54 (42–63)

55 ± 14

51 (37–61)

< 0.001

57 ± 14

55 ± 14

0.351

 Gender (male, %)

596 (72.9)

308 (83.0)

288 (64.6)

< 0.001

95 (84.8)

213 (82.2)

0.652

 Alcohol user, n (%)

281 (34.4)

159 (42.9)

122 (27.4)

< 0.001

43 (38.4)

116 (44.8)

0.304

 Cirrhosis, n (%)

378 (46.3)

191 (51.5)

187 (41.9)

0.007

76 (67.9)

115 (44.4)

< 0.001

Chronic liver diseases, n (%)

 Primary hepatic carcinoma

30 (3.7)

23 (6.2)

7 (1.6)

< 0.001

14 (12.5)

9 (3.5)

0.002

 Chronic hepatitis B

490 (60.0)

225 (60.7)

265 (59.4)

0.774

74 (66.1)

151 (58.3)

0.167

 Chronic hepatitis C

36 (4.4)

12 (3.2)

24 (5.4)

0.171

4 (3.6)

8 (3.1)

0.759

 Fatty liver disease

94 (11.5)

56 (15.1)

38 (8.5)

0.004

13 (11.6)

43 (16.6)

0.269

 Alcoholic liver disease

152 (18.6)

77 (20.8)

75 (16.8)

0.176

18 (16.1)

59 (22.8)

0.164

 Autoimmune liver disease

34 (4.2)

6 (1.6)

28 (6.3)

0.001

2 (1.8)

4 (1.5)

0.997

 Schistosomiasis

18 (2.2)

13 (3.5)

5 (1.1)

0.029

3 (2.7)

10 (3.9)

0.762

 Cirrhosis with unknown factor

37 (4.5)

12 (3.2)

25 (5.6)

0.128

3 (2.7)

9 (3.5)

0.998

Clinical complications, n (%)

 Ascites

169 (20.7)

149 (40.2)

20 (4.5)

< 0.001

75 (67.0)

74 (28.6)

< 0.001

 Bacterial infection

206 (25.2)

196 (52.8)

10 (2.2)

< 0.001

100 (89.3)

96 (37.1)

< 0.001

 Hepatic encephalopathy

49 (6.0)

49 (13.2)

0

< 0.001

42 (37.5)

7 (2.7)

< 0.001

 Gastrointestinal haemorrhage

22 (2.7)

20 (5.4)

2 (0.4)

< 0.001

12 (10.7)

8 (3.1)

0.005

Liver function, coagulation indicators and other related laboratory examinations

 ALT, U/L

267 (56-1000)

717 (154–1455)

117 (38–549)

< 0.001

614 (153–1408)

762 (161–1479)

0.356

 AST, U/L

158 (56–615)

406 (147–1089)

77 (38–218)

< 0.001

391 (163–1237)

414 (136–1055)

0.810

 ALP, U/L

134 (97–181)

154 (122–198)

114 (82–159)

< 0.001

153 (121–196)

155 (122–199)

0.786

 GGT, U/L

117 (59–217)

112 (69–195)

120 (51–233)

0.955

99 (57–140)

123 (71–235)

0.003

 Cholinesterase, U/L

4701 (3050–6668)

3416 (2354–4709)

6135 (4335–7843)

< 0.001

2737 (1965–3898)

3758 (2537–5018)

< 0.001

 TBA, µmol/L

95 (17–179)

169 (112–225)

23 (8–83)

< 0.001

178 (130–232)

166 (105–224)

0.128

 Tbil, µmol/L

76 (21–217)

239 (144–373)

23 (14–58)

< 0.001

359 (184–489)

216 (133–313)

< 0.001

 Dbil, µmol/L

53 (10–167)

178 (106–275)

12 (6–42)

< 0.001

257 (125–331)

169 (93–230)

< 0.001

 Total protein, g/L

66 (61–72)

63 ± 8

69 ± 8

< 0.001

61 ± 8

64 ± 8

< 0.001

 Albumin, g/L

36 ± 6

33 ± 5

38 ± 6

< 0.001

31 ± 5

33 ± 5

< 0.001

 PTA, %

80 (58–98)

56 (42–78)

92 (78–102)

< 0.001

38 (28–54)

65 (50–84)

< 0.001

 INR

1.16 (1.01–1.45)

1.49 (1.17–1.88)

1.06 (0.99–1.17)

< 0.001

2.05 (1.56–2.74)

1.33 (1.11–1.65)

< 0.001

 PT, s

15 (13–18)

18 (15–22)

13.8 (13.1–14.9)

< 0.001

23 (19–29)

16 (14–19)

< 0.001

 Creatinine, µmol/L

64.0 (54.2–74.8)

65.2 (54.3–77.6)

63.3 (54.2–73.5)

0.067

69.5 (54.1–88.2)

63.3 (54.3–75.0)

0.024

 Glucose, mmol/L

5.21 (4.55–6.48)

5.42 (4.39–7.09)

5.16 (4.65–6.14)

0.276

5.39 (4.10–7.04)

5.43 (4.53–7.10)

0.196

 WBC, 10⁹/L

5.52 (4.22–7.09)

6.06 (4.56–8.20)

5.11 (4.08–6.40)

< 0.001

6.72 (5.07–10.29)

5.76 (4.35–7.72)

0.001

 Haemoglobin, g/L

133 (119–147)

129 (115–145)

135 (121–148)

< 0.001

128 (110–141)

129 (116–146)

0.115

 Platelet, 10⁹/L

135 (90–186)

114 (78–163)

151 (104–205)

< 0.001

94 (71–141)

124 (84–169)

0.001

Baseline lipid levels

 Cholesterol, mmol/L

3.44 (2.61–4.27)

2.72 (2.04–3.45)

3.95 (3.32–4.70)

< 0.001

2.03 (1.41–2.63)

2.99 (2.42–3.64)

< 0.001

 Triacylglycerol, mmol/L

1.36 (0.91–2.11)

1.58 (1.10–2.38)

1.17 (0.81–1.76)

< 0.001

1.30 (0.99–1.74)

1.81 (1.20–2.66)

< 0.001

 ApoA, g/L

0.67 (0.29–1.05)

0.28 (0.16–0.50)

0.97 (0.73–1.23)

< 0.001

0.19 (0.08–0.28)

0.35 (0.21–0.57)

< 0.001

 ApoB, g/L

0.85 (0.65–1.15)

0.92 (0.61–1.24)

0.82 (0.66–1.06)

0.018

0.71 (0.49-1.00)

1.00 (0.69–1.34)

< 0.001

 HDL-C, mmol/L

0.58 (0.18–1.07)

0.17 (0.13–0.32)

1.01 (0.66–1.31)

< 0.001

0.15 (0.13–0.26)

0.18 (0.13–0.44)

< 0.001

 LDL-C, mmol/L

1.85 (1.07–2.63)

1.13 (0.38–1.74)

2.35 (1.78-3.00)

< 0.001

0.77 (0.32–1.47)

1.22 (0.52–1.93)

< 0.001