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Table 4 Association of AT dysfunction serum markers, glucose metabolism markers, and inflammation with HDL characteristics

From: Adipose tissue dysfunction serum markers are associated with high density lipoprotein size and glycation in the early stages of type 2 diabetes

 

HDL size (nm)

aHDL-AGE (mg-BSA-AGE/mg protein)

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 1

Model 2

AT dysfunction markers

    

ATIR

-0.137

 

0.339*

0.380*

ATIR/adiponectin

-0.387*

-0.281*

0.286*

 

Adiponectin/leptin

0.044

 

-0.212

 

Adiponectin (µg/mL)

0.097

 

-0.238

 

Glucose and lipid metabolism

    

Insulin (µIU/mL)

-0.137

 

0.448*

0.463*

HOMA-IR

-0.236

 

0.309*

0.315*

HOMA-IR/Adiponectin

-0.382*

-0.261*

0.294*

 

HDL-Cholesterol (mmol/L)

0.466*

0.544*

-0.137

 

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

-0.025

 

0.025

 

FFA (mmol/L)

-0.027

 

0.061

 

Inflammation markers

    

Resistin (ng/mL)

-0.329*

-0.304*

0.096

 

PAI-1 (ng/mL)

-0.331*

-0.370*

-0.006

 

hs-CRP (mg/L)

-0.077

 

0.212

 
  1. Values are expressed as standardized beta coefficients. *p < 0.005. a) n = 48 for the analysis with HDL-AGE. ATIR: adipose tissue insulin resistance. HOMA-IR; homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance; FFA: free fatty acids. PAI-1; plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. hs-CRP: high sensitivity C-reactive protein
  2. Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, and BMI.
  3. Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, BMI, HDL-C, and triglycerides