Table 2 Comparisons of characteristics among the different groups

N (%)

364 (33.2%)

426 (38.9%)

274 (25.0%)

359 (32.8%)

Male

242 (66.5%)

317 (74.4%)^*

181 (64.1%)

233 (64.9%)

Age (years)

48.50 ± 13.50

57.17 ± 12.55^***

60.43 ± 10.86^***

61.18 ± 10.47^***

 > 55

124 (34.1%)

252 (59.2%)^***

194 (70.8%)^***

267 (74.4%)^***

HbA1c (%)

8.89 ± 2.43

8.54 ± 2.09

8.41 ± 2.13

8.29 ± 2.08

 < 7

93 (25.5%)

110 (25.8%)

76 (27.7%)

106 (29.5%)

T2DM duration (years)

5.43 ± 5.02

11.28 ± 7.32^***

13.63 ± 7.21^***

12.84 ± 6.72^***

 > 10

55 (15.1%)

214 (50.2%)^***

177 (64.6%)^***

217 (60.4%)^***

BMI (kg/m²)

26.02 ± 4.05

26.39 ± 3.65

25.55 ± 3.35

25.69 ± 3.55

 < 24

262 (72.0%)

313 (73.5%)

182 (66.4%)

237 (66.0%)

Hypertension

93 (25.5%)

273 (64.1%)^***

176 (64.2%)^***

186 (51.8%)^***

Lipid profile (mmol/L)

TC

4.34 ± 0.92

4.65 ± 1.25^***

4.49 ± 1.29

4.31 ± 1.12

TG

2.10 ± 1.36

2.50 ± 1.76^***

2.21 ± 1.35

2.12 ± 1.33

HDL-C

1.11 ± 0.30

1.04 ± 0.27^**

1.06 ± 0.54

1.05 ± 0.50

LDL-C

2.61 ± 0.87

2.57 ± 1.02

2.42 ± 1.03

2.36 ± 0.92

Dyslipidemia

226 (62.1%)

378 (88.7%)^***

246 (89.8%)^***

324 (90.3%)^***

High TC

18 (4.9%)

46 (10.8%)^*

25 (9.1%)^*

18 (5.0%)

High TG

94 (25.8%)

197 (46.2%)^***

122 (44.5%)^***

144 (40.1%)^***

Low HDL-C

152 (41.8%)

240 (56.3%)^***

160 (58.4%)^***

212 (59.1%)^***

High LDL-C

11 (3.0%)

24 (5.6%)

14 (5.1%)

14 (3.9%)