Table 3 Summarizing the important proteins involved in steroids and arachidonate metabolism in TMZ-resistant GBM
Protein | Function | Role in TMZ resistance |
|---|---|---|
Cytochrome P450 enzymes | Family of enzymes involved in metabolism of steroids, drugs, and other compounds | CYP17A1 and CYP19A1 have been implicated in TMZ resistance in GBM [48,49,50] |
Prostaglandin E synthase | Enzyme that catalyzes conversion of prostaglandin H2 to prostaglandin E2 | Upregulation observed in TMZ-resistant GBM cells [44] |
5-Lipoxygenase | Enzyme that catalyzes conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes | Expression shown to be upregulated in TMZ-resistant GBM cells [51] |
Androgen receptor | Nuclear receptor that regulates expression of genes involved in tumor malignancy | Activation promotes TMZ resistance in GBM; inhibition sensitizes GBM cells to chemotherapy [52] |