Lipids in Health and Disease

Table 2 Bidirectional MR analyses for the association between RC and FI

From: Association of remnant cholesterol with frailty: findings from observational and Mendelian randomization analyses

Methods	β (95% CI)	P-value
Effect of RC on FI
IVW	0.059 (0.033, 0.085)	1.05E-05^***
MR-Egger	0.058 (0.015, 0.100)	0.011^*
Weighted median	0.063 (0.032, 0.093)	5.18E-05^***
Simple median	0.083 (0.050, 0.117)	1.61E-06^***
MR-PRESSO	0.059 (0.033, 0.085)	5.67E-05^***
MRlap	0.061 (0.036, 0.086)	9.81E-07^***
Effect of FI on RC
IVW	-0.140 (-0.293, 0.014)	0.075
MR-Egger	-0.989 (-1.477, -0.502)	0.001^**
Weighted median	-0.137 (-0.300, 0.025)	0.113
Simple median	-0.079 (-0.235, 0.077)	0.358
MR-PRESSO	-0.140 (-0.293, 0.014)	0.095
MRlap	0.030 (-0.170, 0.230)	0.772

Notes: The effect size (β) is per 1 mmol/L increase in RC. IVW Inverse-variance-weighted, MR-PRESSO Mendelian Randomization-Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier, CI Confidence interval, RC Remnant cholesterol, FI Frailty index. *, < 0.05; **, < 0.01; ***, < 0.001

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