Table 1 Basic characteristics of participants by gender among U.S. adults

Age (years)

44.51 ± 12.92

43.84 ± 13.10

0.511

Race/ethnicity, (%)

0.203

Non-Hispanic White

65.51

65.34

Non-Hispanic Black

14.59

14.75

Mexican American

6.98

9.45

Other race/multiracial

16.92

11.46

Education level, (%)

0.013

Less than high school

17.92

18.82

High school

24.85

16.31

More than high school

57.23

64.87

Diabetes, (%)

0.091

Yes

10.51

11.22

No

89.49

88.78

Low-frequency PTA (dB)

7.31 ± 6.80

7.95 ± 7.21

0.088

High-frequency PTA (dB)

22.31 ± 18.80

18.99 ± 15.27

0.001

Dietary intake

Energy (kcal/day)

2267.01 ± 919.59

2050.58 ± 1009.15

< 0.001

Total SFA(energy (%))

11.83 ± 3.34

11.42 ± 3.71

0.218

SFA 4:0 (Butanoic)

0.21 ± 0.16

0.20 ± 0.15

0.834

SFA 6:0 (Hexanoic)

0.14 ± 0.11

0.13 ± 0.10

0.907

SFA 8:0 (Octanoic)

0.13 ± 0.10

0.12 ± 0.10

0.175

SFA 10:0 (Decanoic)

0.22 ± 0.16

0.22 ± 0.16

0.985

SFA 12:0 (Dodecanoic)

0.41 ± 0.62

0.39 ± 0.66

0.117

SFA 14:0 (Tetradecanoic)

0.96 ± 0.57

0.96 ± 0.56

0.871

SFA 16:0 (Hexadecanoic)

6.43 ± 1.76

6.41 ± 1.85

0.140

SFA 18:0 (Octadecanoic)

2.57 ± 0.93

2.99 ± 0.93

0.092

Total MUFA (energy (%))

12.79 ± 3.51

12.53 ± 3.30

0.049

MUFA 18:0 (Hexadecenoic)

0.58 ± 0.26

0.55 ± 0.28

0.011

MUFA 18:1 (Octadecenoic)

11.99 ± 3.30

11.77 ± 3.43

0.057

MUFA 20:1 (Eicosenoic)

0.18 ± 0.10

0.19 ± 0.11

0.411

MUFA 22:1 (Docosenoic)

0.04 ± 0.05

0.04 ± 0.06

0.286

Total PUFA(energy (%))

9.25 ± 3.69

8.82 ± 3.45

0.088

PUFA 18:2 (Octadecadienoic)

7.99 ± 3.80

7.88 ± 3.71

0.191

PUFA 18:3 (Octadecatrienoic)

0.89 ± 0.50

0.86 ± 0.43

0.056

PUFA 18:4 (Octadecatetraenoic)

0.02 ± 0.02

0.02 ± 0.02

0.513

PUFA 20:4 (Eicosatetraenoic)

0.09 ± 0.06

0.09 ± 0.06

0.111

PUFA 20:5 (Eicosapentaenoic)

0.04 ± 0.07

0.04 ± 0.08

0.532

PUFA 22:5 (Docosapentaenoic)

0.03 ± 0.02

0.03 ± 0.03

0.168

PUFA 22:6 (Docosahexaenoic)

0.07 ± 0.12

0.06 ± 0.12

0.535