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Table 2 Association between RC and decreased eGFR or albuminuria

From: Association of remnant cholesterol with decreased kidney function or albuminuria: a population-based study in the U.S.

Variable

Remnant cholesterol (mmol/L)

Quartile 1

Quartile 2

Quartile 3

Quartile 4

Primary outcome

Decreased eGFR ± albuminuria —OR (95% CI)

 unadjusted

ref

1.08 (0.84,1.39)

1.50 (1.17,1.91) **

1.98 (1.58, 2.48) ***

 model1

ref

0.97 (0.74,1.25)

1.31 (1.01,1.69) *

1.66 (1.30, 2.14) ***

 model2

ref

0.95 (0.73,1.23)

1.23 (0.95,1.60) *

1.53 (1.18,1.98) ***

 model3

ref

0.90 (0.69,1.18)

1.12 (0.86,1.46)

1.24 (0.95,1.61)

Secondary outcome

Decreased eGFR—OR (95%CI)

 unadjusted

ref

0.99 (0.59,1.67)

1.82 (1.17,2.83) **

2.80 (1.77,4.43) ***

 model1

ref

0.81 (0.47,1.37)

1.33 (0.84,2.12)

1.98 (1.23,3.18) **

 model2

ref

0.78 (0.45,1.36)

1.24 (0.77,2.01)

1.78 (1.07,3.01) **

 model3

ref

0.71 (0.41,1.25)

1.10 (0.68,1.80)

1.43 (0.83,2.47)

Albuminuria—OR (95%CI)

 unadjusted

ref

1.10 (0.85,1.43)

1.38 (1.08,1.78) *

1.82 (1.44, 2.31) ***

 model1

ref

1.03 (0.79,1.35)

1.28 (0.99,1.67)

1.67 (1.28,2.17) ***

 model2

ref

1.01 (0.77,1.31)

1.20 (0.92,1.56)

1.52 (1.16, 0.99) *

 model3

ref

0.97 (0.74,1.27)

1.10 (0.85,1.43)

1.22 (0.94,1.60)

eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) —β (95%CI)

 unadjusted

ref

-4.43 (-5.54, -3.31) ***

-5.51 (-6.67, -4.35) ***

-7.98 (-9.24, -6.72) ***

 model1

ref

-1.72 (-2.64, -0.80) ***

-1.35 (-2.23, -0.47) **

-1.82 (-2.70, -0.94) ***

 model2

ref

-1.83 (-2.75, -0.91) ***

-1.58 (-2.48, -0.67) ***

-2.13 (-3.04, -1.22) ***

 model3

ref

-1.78 (-2.69, -0.88) ***

-1.52 (-2.42, -0.62) ***

-2.12 (-3.04, -1.21) ***

log-transformed ACR—β (95%CI)

 unadjusted

ref

-0.01 (-0.03, 0.02)

0.02 (-0.00,0.05)

0.08 (0.05,0.10) ***

 model1

ref

-0.01 (-0.03, 0.01)

0.02 (-0.01,0.04)

0.07 (0.04,0.09) ***

 model2

ref

-0.01 (-0.04, 0.01)

0.01 (-0.01,0.04)

0.06 (0.04,0.09) ***

 model3

ref

-0.02 (-0.04, 0.01)

0.00 (-0.02,0.02)

0.03 (0.01,0.06)

  1. Model 1 was adjusted for age, sex, race or ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Mexican American, Hispanic, and other races), education (< high school, high school, and ≥ college) and family income-to-poverty (< 1 or ≥ 1). Model 2 was further adjusted for smoking (never, former, and current) and BMI (< 25, 25–30, and ≥ 30 kg/m2)
  2. Model 3 was further adjusted for diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, and lipid-lowering medication. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001 vs. ref