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Table 5 Association of lipid levels with pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with SCH

From: The association between dyslipidaemia in the first trimester and adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with subclinical hypothyroidism: a cohort study

Maternal and neonatal outcomes

Elevated TC

 

Elevated TG

 

Elevated LDL-C

 

Reduced HDL-C

OR (95%CI)

P-values

 

OR (95%CI)

P-values

 

OR (95%CI)

P-values

 

OR (95%CI)

P-values

Vaginal delivery

           

 Crude

0.803 (0.494–1.307)

0.378

 

0.595 (0.377–0.939)

0.026*

 

0.724 (0.430–1.218)

0.224

 

1.123 (0.617–2.046)

0.703

 Model 1

0.933 (0.567–1.535)

0.784

 

0.715 (0.446–1.145)

0.162

 

0.801 (0.471–1.363)

0.413

 

1.154 (0.626–2.129)

0.647

 Model 2

0.943 (0.559–1.591)

0.826

 

0.678 (0.413–1.112)

0.124

 

0.849 (0.490–1.470)

0.559

 

1.293 (0.657–2.548)

0.457

 Model 3

1.035 (0.609–1.759)

0.899

 

0.819 (0.492–1.364)

0.443

 

1.006 (0.574–1.762)

0.984

 

1.490 (0.750–2.960)

0.255

Cesarean Section

           

 Crude

1.230 (0.749–2.019)

0.414

 

1.546 (0.976–2.449)

0.063

 

1.314 (0.775–2.230)

0.311

 

0.926 (0.500-1.713)

0.806

 Model 1

1.101 (0.665–1.824)

0.708

 

1.347 (0.842–2.155)

0.213

 

1.220 (0.715–2.084)

0.466

 

0.927 (0.498–1.725)

0.810

 Model 2

1.108 (0.652–1.884)

0.705

 

1.408 (0.861–2.301)

0.172

 

1.159 (0.665–2.021)

0.603

 

0.813 (0.404–1.635)

0.562

 Model 3

0.997 (0.580–1.714)

0.992

 

1.139 (0.685–1.893)

0.616

 

0.962 (0.544-1.700)

0.893

 

0.685 (0.336–1.398)

0.299

Pregnancy loss

           

 Crude

1.109 (0.387–3.177)

0.847

 

1.540 (0.635–3.737)

0.339

 

1.319 (0.458–3.797)

0.607

 

0.793 (0.187–3.366)

0.753

 Model 1

1.075 (0.344–3.358)

0.900

 

1.282 (0.479–3.432)

0.620

 

1.277 (0.401–4.064)

0.679

 

0.702 (0.151–3.252)

0.651

 Model 2

0.948 (0.300-2.994)

0.928

 

1.260 (0.458–3.467)

0.655

 

1.156 (0.358–3.739)

0.808

 

0.781 (0.166–3.683)

0.755

 Model 3

0.959 (0.303–3.039)

0.944

 

1.325 (0.467–3.759)

0.597

 

1.192 (0.363–3.911)

0.772

 

0.781 (0.166–3.685)

0.755

Gestational hypertension

           

 Crude

1.534 (0.528–4.460)

0.432

 

3.182 (1.404–7.213)

0.006*

 

0.829 (0.195–3.531)

0.800

 

1.706 (0.505–5.766)

0.390

 Model 1

1.460 (0.493–4.324)

0.495

 

3.146 (1.350–7.328)

0.008*

 

0.797 (0.186–3.424)

0.760

 

1.754 (0.516–5.968)

0.368

 Model 2

1.851 (0.613–5.590)

0.275

 

4.064 (1.691–9.763)

0.002*

 

0.947 (0.218–4.108)

0.942

 

2.420 (0.696–8.420)

0.165

 Model 3

1.426 (0.457–4.454)

0.541

 

2.687 (1.074–6.722)

0.035*

 

0.570 (0.126–2.576)

0.465

 

1.676 (0.468-6.000)

0.428

Preeclampsia/Eclampsia

           

 Crude

3.103 (1.312–7.339)

0.010*

 

1.725 (0.653–4.556)

0.271

 

3.720 (1.563–8.857)

0.003*

 

2.399 (0.814–7.072)

0.113

 Model 1

3.049 (1.275–7.291)

0.012*

 

1.665 (0.620–4.470)

0.312

 

3.664 (1.531–8.771)

0.004*

 

2.407 (0.816-7.100)

0.111

 Model 2

1.948 (0.649–5.854)

0.235

 

1.136 (0.329–3.917)

0.840

 

3.870 (1.502–9.966)

0.005*

 

2.531 (0.731–8.765)

0.143

 Model 3

1.706 (0.561–5.188)

0.346

 

0.855 (0.241–3.027)

0.808

 

3.172 (1.204–8.355)

0.019*

 

2.086 (0.595–7.320)

0.251

GDM

           

 Crude

1.666 (0.926–2.995)

0.088

 

2.225 (1.316–3.762)

0.003*

 

1.875 (1.017–3.456)

0.044*

 

1.101 (0.504–2.402)

0.810

 Model 1

1.341 (0.726–2.477)

0.349

 

1.760 (1.016–3.047)

0.044*

 

1.666 (0.882–3.146)

0.116

 

1.127 (0.506–2.510)

0.769

 Model 2

1.475 (0.783–2.780)

0.229

 

1.891 (1.071–3.341)

0.028*

 

1.789 (0.936–3.419)

0.078

 

1.018 (0.409–2.532)

0.970

 Model 3

1.289 (0.675–2.464)

0.442

 

1.492 (0.830–2.681)

0.181

 

1.447 (0.746–2.806)

0.275

 

0.808 (0.320–2.043)

0.653

PROM

           

 Crude

0.807 (0.464–1.404)

0.447

 

1.084 (0.662–1.776)

0.748

 

0.774 (0.425–1.411)

0.404

 

1.219 (0.658–2.259)

0.530

 Model 1

0.937 (0.522–1.681)

0.826

 

1.140 (0.690–1.884)

0.609

 

0.794 (0.434–1.453)

0.454

 

1.242 (0.668–2.309)

0.494

 Model 2

0.880 (0.491–1.576)

0.667

 

1.250 (0.740–2.111)

0.404

 

0.816 (0.435–1.531)

0.527

 

1.253 (0.631–2.490)

0.520

 Model 3

0.902 (0.500-1.625)

0.731

 

1.162 (0.679–1.988)

0.584

 

0.758 (0.401–1.436)

0.396

 

1.188 (0.594–2.376)

0.627

FGR

           

 Crude

1.189 (0.551–2.565)

0.659

 

0.863 (0.386–1.934)

0.721

 

1.008 (0.422–2.409)

0.985

 

1.927 (0.873–4.251)

0.104

 Model 1

1.241 (0.571–2.697)

0.585

 

0.903 (0.399–2.043)

0.807

 

1.038 (0.433–2.490)

0.933

 

1.955 (0.885–4.321)

0.098

 Model 2

1.398 (0.628–3.063)

0.403

 

0.668 (0.259–1.722)

0.404

 

1.106 (0.459–2.665)

0.823

 

1.335 (0.508–3.508)

0.558

 Model 3

1.471 (0.668–3.239)

0.338

 

0.734 (0.281–1.918)

0.527

 

1.212 (0.497–2.958)

0.672

 

1.455 (0.548–3.861)

0.451

Preterm birth

           

 Crude

1.296 (0.385–4.364)

0.675

 

2.057 (0.770–5.494)

0.150

 

1.537 (0.455–5.197)

0.489

 

2.844 (0.956–8.464)

0.060

 Model 1

1.242 (0.365–4.225)

0.729

 

1.982 (0.728–5.398)

0.181

 

1.495 (0.440–5.079)

0.519

 

2.867 (0.960–8.543)

0.059

 Model 2

1.463 (0.425–5.035)

0.547

 

1.699 (0.562–5.133)

0.347

 

1.685 (0.491–5.778)

0.407

 

2.647 (0.764–9.176)

0.125

 Model 3

1.226 (0.350–4.290)

0.750

 

1.189 (0.377–3.751)

0.768

 

1.261 (0.358–4.438)

0.718

 

2.136 (0.608–7.511)

0.237

Low birth weight

           

 Crude

1.723 (0.503–5.901)

0.387

 

2.799 (1.022–7.668)

0.045*

 

2.043 (0.594–7.026)

0.257

 

5.140 (1.841–14.348)

0.002*

 Model 1

1.666 (0.481–5.771)

0.421

 

2.744 (0.979–7.693)

0.055

 

1.995 (0.557-6.900)

0.275

 

5.165 (1.848–14.434)

0.002*

 Model 2

2.092 (0.593–7.376)

0.251

 

1.770 (0.498–6.290)

0.377

 

2.375 (0.677–8.326)

0.177

 

3.581 (1.012–12.666)

0.048*

 Model 3

1.942 (0.546–6.911)

0.305

 

1.517 (0.411–5.597)

0.531

 

2.101 (0.584–7.556)

0.256

 

3.249 (0.906–11.653)

0.071

Macrosomia

           

 Crude

1.160 (0.449-3.000)

0.759

 

2.052 (0.970–4.343)

0.060

 

0.771 (0.234–2.539)

0.669

 

0.646 (0.153–2.729)

0.552

 Model 1

1.251 (0.480–3.260)

0.646

 

2.334 (1.084–5.027)

0.030*

 

0.814 (0.246–2.689)

0.735

 

0.646 (0.153–2.733)

0.553

 Model 2

0.594 (0.140–2.524)

0.480

 

1.761 (0.707–4.387)

0.224

 

0.655 (0.154–2.783)

0.567

 

0.440 (0.059–3.279)

0.423

 Model 3

0.526 (0.122–2.261)

0.388

 

1.404 (0.540–3.651)

0.486

 

0.527 (0.122–2.289)

0.393

 

0.380 (0.051–2.858)

0.348

Birth defects

           

 Crude

1.099 (0.329–3.671)

0.878

 

0.605 (0.143–2.561)

0.495

 

1.304 (0.389–4.372)

0.667

 

1.080 (0.252–4.627)

0.918

 Model 1

1.085 (0.322–3.656)

0.896

 

0.587 (0.137–2.517)

0.474

 

1.294 (0.384–4.360)

0.677

 

1.087 (0.254–4.664)

0.910

 Model 2

1.213 (0.356–4.130)

0.757

 

0.638 (1.147–2.758)

0.547

 

1.404 (0.414–4.764)

0.586

 

1.365 (0.315–5.926)

0.678

 Model 3

0.823 (0.336–3.944)

0.823

 

0.563 (0.128–2.481)

0.448

 

1.287 (0.373–4.441)

0.690

 

1.258 (0.287–5.519)

0.761

  1. Abbreviations: SCH subclinical hypothyroidism; BMI body mass index; FT4 free thyroxine; TC total cholesterol; TG triglyceride; LDL-C low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C high density lipoprotein cholesterol; GDM gestational diabetes mellitus; PROM, premature rupture of fetal membranes; FGR fetal growth restriction; L-T4 levothyroxine
  2. Crude: No adjustment. Model 1: Adjusted for age and L-T4 use. Model 2: Adjusted for the same variables as Model 1 as well as drinking and smoking. Model 3: Adjusted for the same variables as Model 2 as well as pre-BMI.
  3. *P-values < 0.05 was considered statistically significant
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Lipids in Health and Disease

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