Table 2 Baseline characteristics and main findings of the included studies evaluating the TyG index in OSA
From: Triglyceride-glucose index and obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Study | Year | Location | Population | Sample size | Mean age | Male (%) | AHI (%) | BMI (kg/m2) | TyG index | Main Findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bianchi et al. [29] | 2014 | USA | Elderly patients with AAA | 302 | 73.4 (8.6) | 86.5 | NR | 29.6 (6.2) | 8.5 (0.5) | Patients with higher risk of OSA had significantly higher TyG index compared to low-risk ones (8.6 ± 0.6 vs. 8.4 ± 0.5, P = 0.002) |
Bikov et al. [18] | 2021 | Hungary and Romania | Non-obese, non-diabetic patients with symptoms suggestive for OSA | 181 | 50.3 (15.7) | 60.0 | 19.3 (18.2) | 25.9 (3.4) | 8.6 (0.5) | The TyG index was significantly higher in patients with OSA compared to controls (8.72 ± 0.49 vs. 8.37 ± 0.40, P < 0.01) |
Hu et al. [30] | 2022 | China | Hypertensive patients with OSA and without prior MI | 2224 | 49.5 (10.7) | 68.5 | 21.2 (17.5) | 28.4 (3.8) | NR | Higher TyG-WC was associated with a higher risk of first MI in patients with OSA and hypertension (P < 0.01) |
Jiang et al. [31] | 2023 | China | Patients with OSA | 190 | 55.3 (13.2) | 61.6 | 41.2 (23.3) | 26.1 (3.6) | 8.9 (0.6) | TyG index was significantly higher in OSA patients with NAFLD compared to OSA patients without NAFLD (P < 0.05) |
Kang et al. [32] | 2020 | Korea | Patients suspected with OSA | 180 | 48.6 (13.8) | 73.9 | 31.6 (28.3) | 26.4 (4.1) | 8.9 (0.5) | OSA patients had significantly higher levels of TyG index compared to non-OSA individuals (8.97 ± 0.49 vs. 8.62 ± 0.46, P < 0.001) |
Meszaros et al. [33] | 2021 | Hungary | Patients suspected with OSA | 76 | 48.9 (14.0) | 50.0 | 15.8 (13.8) | 28.2 (8.0) | 8.7 (0.4) | TyG index was significantly higher in OSA compared to non-OSA (8.92 ± 0.50 vs. 8.37 ± 0.32, P < 0.001) |
Pan et al. [34] | 2022 | China | Non-obese men with OSA | 94 | 46.6 (11.0) | 100 | 31.9 (26.1) | 25.2 (2.2) | 7.3 (0.6) | No difference was found in TyG levels between severe OSA and mild-to-moderate OSA patients (severe: 7.31 [IQR 7.00–7.77] vs. mild-to-moderate: 7.27 ± 0.61, P = 0.305) |
Pei et al. [20] | 2023 | China | Population-based cross-sectional study | 4029 | 46.7 | 51.4 | NR | NR | 8.7 | No association was found between the TyG index and OSA (adjusted OR 1.559, 95% CI 0.660 to 3.683). |
Wei et al. [35] | 2021 | China | Patients diagnosed with OSA and non-OSA controls | 4747 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | The TyG index was higher in OSA patients compared to non-OSA individuals. |
Zou et al. [36] | 2020 | China | Patients diagnosed with OSA and non-OSA controls | 4703 | 42.3 (13.1) | 80.0 | 31.5 (33.3) | 26.4 (3.5) | 7.2 (0.6) | Higher TyG levels was associated with higher odds of OSA (men: OR 2.783 [95% CI 1.933 to 4.009], women: OR 3.366 [95% CI 1.975 to 5.737], P < 0.001 for both) |