Fig. 2

a Manhattan plot for the genome-wide association analysis with T2D using individuals aged ≥ 70 years without diabetes as controls. b Quantile–Quantile (Q-Q) plot of the GWAS results showing the distribution of p-values, plotted against the expected distribution. c Regional association plots for the loci associated with T2D among the older adults in the Lebanese population. GWAS: genome-wide association study. T2D: Type 2 Diabetes. a X-axis shows chromosomal positions. Y axis represents the − log₁₀(P-value obtained) by logistic regression analysis (additive model). The horizontal solid blue line indicates the suggestive genome-wide threshold of P = 1 × 10^–5. Each point denotes a Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), SNPs with significance P < 1 × 10^–8 are shown above the genome-wide significance in red. b This plot shows the association between each tested SNP and the observed -log10 p values, plotted on the vertical axis, compared to the expected –log10 p values under the null hypothesis. Each dot on the plot represents a SNP. The genomic control ratio (l) was 1.1238, which indicates that there is no strong effect of systematic error, such as population stratification. c Correlations between the SNPs with the lowest P value from GWAS (depicted in purple) and nearby SNPs within a 400 kb region. The r² values of the Linkage Disequilibrium (LD) heat map is based on the hg19/1000 genomes Nov 2014 EUR reference set