Table 2 Baseline characteristics of the study population based on dietary magnesium intake
Characteristics | Magnesium intake (mg) | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 [9.5,201), N = 1,210 | Q2 [201,275), N = 1,210 | Q3 [275,376), N = 1,209 | Q4 [376,2273], N = 1,212 | ||
Gender, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 Male | 423 (34.96%) | 493 (40.74%) | 606 (50.12%) | 755 (62.29%) |  |
 Female | 787 (65.04%) | 717 (59.26%) | 603 (49.88%) | 457 (37.71%) |  |
Age | 42 (29, 59) | 42 (31, 56) | 44 (32, 59) | 46 (33, 59) | <0.001 |
Race, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 Mexican American | 103 (8.51%) | 141 (11.65%) | 184 (15.22%) | 204 (16.83%) |  |
 Non-Hispanic White | 352 (29.09%) | 414 (34.21%) | 431 (35.65%) | 467 (38.53%) |  |
 Non-Hispanic Black | 463 (38.26%) | 324 (26.78%) | 274 (22.66%) | 194 (16.01%) |  |
 Other Races | 292 (24.13%) | 331 (27.36%) | 320 (26.47%) | 347 (28.63%) |  |
Education level, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 Grades 0–12 | 242 (20.00%) | 186 (15.37%) | 173 (14.31%) | 201 (16.58%) |  |
 High school graduate/GED | 379 (31.32%) | 280 (23.14%) | 295 (24.40%) | 218 (17.99%) |  |
 Some college or above | 589 (48.68%) | 744 (61.49%) | 741 (61.29%) | 793 (65.43%) |  |
Marital status, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 Married/Living with Partner | 593 (49.01%) | 695 (57.44%) | 743 (61.46%) | 757 (62.46%) |  |
 Widowed/Divorced/Separated | 247 (20.41%) | 222 (18.35%) | 208 (17.20%) | 226 (18.65%) |  |
 Unmarried | 370 (30.58%) | 293 (24.21%) | 258 (21.34%) | 229 (18.89%) |  |
PIR, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 <2 | 623 (51.49%) | 474 (39.17%) | 444 (36.72%) | 403 (33.25%) |  |
 ≥2 | 450 (37.19%) | 583 (48.18%) | 612 (50.62%) | 660 (54.46%) |  |
 Unclear | 137 (11.32%) | 153 (12.64%) | 153 (12.66%) | 149 (12.29%) |  |
Hypertension, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.362 |
 Yes | 429 (35.45%) | 388 (32.07%) | 403 (33.33%) | 405 (33.42%) |  |
 No | 781 (64.55%) | 822 (67.93%) | 806 (66.67%) | 807 (66.58%) |  |
Diabetes, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.547 |
 Yes | 127 (10.50%) | 121 (10.00%) | 112 (9.26%) | 108 (8.91%) |  |
 No | 1,083 (89.50%) | 1,089 (90.00%) | 1,097 (90.74%) | 1,104 (91.09%) |  |
Fatty liver, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.102 |
 No | 774 (63.97%) | 723 (59.75%) | 725 (59.97%) | 740 (61.06%) |  |
 Mild | 167 (13.80%) | 162 (13.39%) | 183 (15.14%) | 187 (15.43%) |  |
 Severe | 269 (22.23%) | 325 (26.86%) | 301 (24.90%) | 285 (23.51%) |  |
Gallstones | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.005 |
 Yes | 127 (10.50%) | 105 (8.68%) | 103 (8.52%) | 78 (6.44%) |  |
 No | 1,083 (89.50%) | 1,105 (91.32%) | 1,106 (91.48%) | 1,134 (93.56%) |  |
Smoking, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 Current smokers | 301 (24.88%) | 235 (19.42%) | 206 (17.04%) | 210 (17.33%) |  |
 Former smokers | 195 (16.12%) | 204 (16.86%) | 268 (22.17%) | 291 (24.01%) |  |
 Never smokers | 714 (59.01%) | 771 (63.72%) | 735 (60.79%) | 711 (58.66%) |  |
Alcohol consumption, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 |
 Heavy | 333 (27.52%) | 397 (32.81%) | 416 (34.41%) | 511 (42.16%) |  |
 Moderate | 118 (9.75%) | 124 (10.25%) | 140 (11.58%) | 101 (8.33%) |  |
 Mild | 209 (17.27%) | 226 (18.68%) | 216 (17.87%) | 192 (15.84%) |  |
 Never | 550 (45.45%) | 463 (38.26%) | 437 (36.15%) | 408 (33.66%) |  |
BMI (kg/m2) | 29 (24, 35) | 29 (25, 34) | 28 (24, 33) | 28 (24, 32) | <0.001 |
TG (mmol/L) | 1.12 (0.82, 1.60) | 1.17 (0.84, 1.69) | 1.22 (0.86, 1.82) | 1.22 (0.85, 1.83) | <0.001 |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.34 (1.11, 1.58) | 1.34 (1.10, 1.63) | 1.32 (1.11, 1.60) | 1.34 (1.11, 1.63) | 0.545 |
TC (mmol/L) | 4.68 (4.09, 5.38) | 4.76 (4.16, 5.38) | 4.84 (4.22, 5.48) | 4.76 (4.16, 5.46) | 0.005 |
ALT (U/L) | 15 (11, 22) | 17 (12, 25) | 17 (13, 26) | 20 (14, 28) | <0.001 |
AST (U/L) | 18 (15, 22) | 18 (15, 23) | 19 (16, 24) | 21 (17, 25) | <0.001 |
GGT(IU/L) | 19 (14, 30) | 20 (14, 31) | 21 (14, 31) | 21 (14, 32) | 0.102 |
Protein intake (g) | 50 (38, 63) | 69 (55, 83) | 84 (67, 103) | 102 (79, 130) | <0.001 |
Carbohydrate intake (g) | 159 (115, 203) | 208 (167, 261) | 252 (199, 315) | 303 (234, 384) | <0.001 |
Fat intake (g) | 55 (38, 71) | 72 (55, 94) | 88 (66, 115) | 103 (77, 137) | <0.001 |
Water intake (g) | 1,784 (1,332, 2,319) | 2,361 (1,843, 3,034) | 2,751 (2,220, 3,484) | 3,416 (2,704, 4,398) | <0.001 |
Calcium intake(mg) | 501 (342, 695) | 741 (544, 946) | 915 (709, 1,201) | 1,161 (847, 1,562) | <0.001 |
Iron intake(mg) | 8 (6, 10) | 11 (9, 14) | 14 (11, 18) | 17 (13, 22) | <0.001 |
Zinc intake(mg) | 6.0 (4.3, 7.8) | 8.4 (6.6, 10.6) | 10.4 (8.1, 13.5) | 13.3 (10.2, 17.8) | <0.001 |
AIP | -0.08 (-0.26, 0.12) | -0.06 (-0.28, 0.15) | -0.04 (-0.24, 0.19) | -0.05 (-0.26, 0.20) | 0.013 |