Transgenic fat-1 mouse as a model to study the pathophysiology of cardiovascular, neurological and psychiatric disorders

Table 4 Proposed differences between the wild type and Fat-1 mouse.

Parameter	Wild type	*Fat-1* mouse
Cell membrane Fluidity	↔	More fluid
Endothelial NO	↔	↑
IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-2,	↔	↓
MIF, HMGB1	↔	↓
IL-4, IL-10	↔	↑
HMG-CoA reductase activity	↔	↓
Plasma and tissue levels of EPA/DHA	↔	↑
Plasma and tissue levels of lipoxins, resolvins,	↓	↑
protectins and maresins	↓	↑
PGE₁/PGI₂/PGI₃	↔	↑
Ras activity	↔	↓
BMPs	↔	↑
UCP-1	↔	↓
Expression of Adhesion Molecules	↔	↓
PPARs	↔	↑
Inflammatory diseases*	common	Uncommon/less severe
Blood pressure	Normal	↓
Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes	common	Uncommon/less severe
CHD	common	Uncommon/less severe

CHD = Coronary heart disease
Inflammatory diseases*include: rheumatological conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, scleroderma, ankylosing spondylitis, vasculitis, interstitial lung disease, etc; neurological conditions such as stroke, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, depression, schizophrenia, familial and non-familial neurodegenerative conditions, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, bulbar palsy, pseudobulbar palsy, inflammatory diseases of the bowel such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, Celiac disease, etc., psoriasis, glomerulonephritis, atherosclerosis, Parkinson's disease, hepatitis both specific and non-specific types, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis and all other conditions in which inflammation plays a role.
↔ Indicates normal frequency or incidence of the disease.
In the Fat-1 mouse, all the diseases enumerated above either will be less common or when they are induced or occur will run a much milder course compared to the severity of the disease seen in the wild type mouse.

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