Adams LA, Angulo P, Lindor KD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. CMAJ. 2005, 172 (7): 899-905.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wanless IR, Lentz JS: Fatty liver hepatitis (steatohepatitis) and obesity: an autopsy study with analysis of risk factors. Hepatology. 1990, 12: 1106-3. 10.1002/hep.1840120505
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Eriksson S, Eriksson KF, Bondesson L: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in obesity: a reversible condition. Acta Med Scand. 1986, 220: 83-88.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bacon BR, Farahvash MJ, Janney CG, Neuschwander-Tetri BA: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: an expanded clinical entity. Gastroenterology. 1994, 107: 1103-9.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Diehl AM, Goodman Z, Ishak KG: Alcoholic disease in nonalcoholics: a clinical and histologic comparison with alcohol-induced liver injury. Gastroenterology. 1988, 95: 1056-62.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Marchesini G, Brizi M, Bianchi G, Tomassetti S, Bugianesi E, Lenzi M, McCullough AJ, Natale S, Forlani G, Melchionda N: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a feature of the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes. 2001, 50 (8): 1844-50. 10.2337/diabetes.50.8.1844
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Farrell GC: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: what is it, and why is it important in the Asia-Pacific region?. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2003, 18: 124-38. 10.1046/j.1440-1746.2003.02989.x
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Angulo P: Nonalcohlic fatty liver disease. N Engl J Med. 2002, 346 (16): 1221-31. 10.1056/NEJMra011775
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tanaka K, Nishizono S, Kase A, Ogura S, Kurita M, Murakami T, Kugino K, Matsumoto H, Ikeda I: Effects of dietary black sea cucumber on serum and liver lipid concentrations in rats. Journal of Japanese Society of Nutrition and Food Science. 2003, 56: 175-9.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Liu HH, Ko WC, Hu ML: Hypolipidemic effect of glycosaminoglycans from the sea cucumber Metriatyla scabra in rats fed a cholesterol-supplemented diet. J Agric Food Chem. 2002, 50 (12): 3602-6. 10.1021/jf020070k
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kalinin VI: System-theoretical (Holistic) approach to the modelling of structural-functional relationships of biomolecules and their evolution: an example of triterpene glycosides from sea cucumbers (Echinodermata, Holothurioidea). J Theor Biol. 2000, 206: 151-68. 10.1006/jtbi.2000.2110
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tian F, Zhang XW, Tong YG, Yi YH, Zhang SL, Li L, Sun P, Lin L, Ding J: PE, a new sulfated saponin from sea cucumber, exhibits anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activities in vitro and in vivo. Cancer biology & therapy. 2005, 4: 874-84.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Zou ZR, Yi YH, Wu HM, Wu JH, Liaw CC, Lee KH: Intercedensides A-C, three new cytotoxic triterpene glycosides from the sea cucumber Mensamaria intercedens Lampert. J Nat Prod. 2003, 66: 1055-60. 10.1021/np030064y
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Creasey WA, Hankin L, Handschumacher RE: Fatty livers induced by orotic acid. I. Accumulation and metabolism of lipids. J Biol Chem. 1961, 236: 2064-70.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fukuwatarti T, Morikawa Y, Sugimoto E, Shibata K: Effects of fatty liver induced by Niacin-free diet with orotic acid on the metabolism of tryptophan to niacin in rats. Biosc Biotechnol Biochem. 2002, 66: 1196-204. 10.1271/bbb.66.1196.
Article
Google Scholar
Folch J, Lees M, Sloane , Starley GH: A Simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J Biol Chem. 1957, 226: 497-509.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bartlett GR: Phosphorous assay in column chromatography. J Biol Chem. 1959, 234: 466-8.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ: Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951, 193: 265-75.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ikeda I, Cha JY, Yanagita T, Nakatani N, Oogami K, Imaizumi K, Yazawa K: Effects of dietary alpha-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids on hepatic lipogenesis and beta-oxidation in rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 1998, 62: 675-80. 10.1271/bbb.62.675
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ochoa S, Mehler AH, Kornberg A: Biosynthesis of dicarboxylic acids by carbon dioxide fixation. I. Isolation and properties of an enzyme from pigeon liver catalyzing the reversible oxidative decarboxylation of L-malic acid. J Biol Chem. 1948, 174: 979-1000.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Glock GE, Mclean P: Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity of rat liver. Nature. 1952, 170: 119-20. 10.1038/170119a0
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cha JY, Mameda Y, Yamamoto K, Oogami K, Yanagita T: Association between hepatic triacylglycerol accumulation induced by administering orotic aid and enhanced phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity in rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 1998, 62: 508-13. 10.1271/bbb.62.508
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Buang Y, Wang YM, Cha JY, Nagao K, Yanagita T: Dietary phosphatidylcholine alleviates fatty liver induced by orotic acid. Nutrition. 2005, 21: 867-73. 10.1016/j.nut.2004.11.019
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Miyazawa S, Furuta S, Hashimoto T: Reduction of beta-oxidation capacity of rat liver mitochondria by feeding orotic acid. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1982, 711: 494-502.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Horton JD, Goldstein JL, Brown MS: SREBPs: activators of the complete program of cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis in the liver. J Clin Invest. 2002, 109: 1125-31.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Osborne TF: Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs): key regulators of nutritional homeostasis and insulin action. J Biol Chem. 2000, 275: 32379-82. 10.1074/jbc.R000017200
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ahmed MH, Byrne CD: Modulation of sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) as potential treatments for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Drug Discov Today. 2007, 12: 740-7. 10.1016/j.drudis.2007.07.009
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rutledge AC, Adeli K: Fructose and the metabolic syndrome: pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms. Nutr Rev. 2007, 65: S13-23. 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2007.tb00322.x
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Matsuzaka T, Shimano H, Yahagi N, Amemiya-Kudo M, Okazaki H, Tamura Y, Iizuka Y, Ohashi K, Tomita S, Sekiya M, Hasty A, Nakagawa Y, Sone H, Toyoshima H, Ishibashi S, Osuga J, Yamada N: Insulin-independent induction of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c expression in the livers of streptozotocin-treated mice. Diabetes. 2004, 53: 560-9. 10.2337/diabetes.53.3.560
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shrestha S, Ehlers SJ, Lee JY, Fernandez ML, Koo SI: Dietary green tea extract lowers plasma and hepatic triglycerides and decreases the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c mRNA and its responsive genes in fructose-fed, ovariectomized rats. J Nutr. 2009, 139 (4): 640-5. 10.3945/jn.108.103341
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rao MS, Reddy JK: Peroxisomal beta-oxidation and steatohepatitis. Semin Liver Dis. 2001, 21: 43-55. 10.1055/s-2001-12928
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Reddy JK, Hashimoto T: Peroxisomal beta-oxidation and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha: an adaptive metabolic system. Annu Rev Nutr. 2001, 21: 193-230. 10.1146/annurev.nutr.21.1.193
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Braissant O, Foufelle F, Scotto C, Dauca M, Wahli W: Differential expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: tissue distribution of PPAR-α, -β and -γ in the adult rat. Endocrinology. 1996, 137: 354-66. 10.1210/en.137.1.354
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mandard S, Müller M, Kersten S: Peroxisome proliferator receptor alpha target genes. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2004, 61: 393-416. 10.1007/s00018-003-3216-3
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lefebvre P, Chinetti G, Fruchart JC, Staels B: Sorting out the roles of PPARα in energy metabolism and vascular homeostasis. J Clin Invest. 2006, 116: 571-80. 10.1172/JCI27989
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nagai Y, Nishio Y, Nakamura T, Maegawa H, Kikkawa R, Kashiwagi A: Amelioration of high fructose-induced metabolic derangements by activation of PPARα. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2002, 282: 1180-90.
Article
Google Scholar
Huang TH, Yang Q, Harada M, Uberai J, Radford J, Li GQ, Yamahara J, Roufogalis BD, Li Y: Salacia oblonga root improves cardiac lipid metabolism in Zucker diabetic fatty rats: modulation of cardiac PPAR-alpha-mediated transcription of fatty acid metabolic genes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2006, 210: 78-85. 10.1016/j.taap.2005.07.020
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Karu N, Reifen R, Kerem Z: Weight gain reduction in mice fed Panax ginseng saponin, a pancreatic lipase inhibitor. J Agric Food Chem. 2007, 55: 2824-8. 10.1021/jf0628025
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Han LK, Kimura Y, Kawashima M, Takaku T, Taniyama T, Hayashi T, Zheng YN, Okuda H: Anti-obesity effects in rodents of dietary tea saponin, a lipase inhibitor. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2001, 25: 1459-64. 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801747
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kim JH, Kang SA, Han SM, Shim I: Comparison of the antiobesity effects of the protopanaxadiol- and protopanaxatriol-type saponins of red ginseng. Phytother Res. 2009, 23: 78-85. 10.1002/ptr.2561
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zhao HL, Harding SV, Marinangeli CP, Kim YS, Jones PJ: Hypocholesterolemic and anti-obesity effects of saponins from Platycodon grandiflorum in hamsters fed atherogenic diets. J Food Sci. 2008, 73: 195-200. 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00915.x.
Article
Google Scholar