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Table 1 Clinical data of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) with or without scleroedema adultorum of Buschke

From: Screening for the presence of scleroedema adultorum of Buschke in patients with diabetes mellitus: newly diagnosed patients had a high prevalence of dyslipidaemia

 

Screened DM cases

 

P-values

Patients with newly diagnosed scleroedema (S1)

DM patients without scleroedema (DM without S)

Scleroedema patients already treated in tertiary care centre (S2)

S1 versus (vs.) DM without S

S2 vs. DM without S

S1 vs. S2

Patients, n

11

102

15

   

Female, n (%)

8 (73)

63 (64)

7 (46.7)

0.744

0.258

0.246

Age, mean (S.D.) years

63.7 (8.9)

62.3 (12.9)

62.0 (9.6)

0.709

0.942

1.000

Type 2 DM, n (%)

11 (100)

89 (87)

15 (100)

0.358

0.214

N.A.

Type 2 DM duration mean (S.D.), years

20.7 (9.8)

14.2 (11.1)

15.3 (10.2)

0.060

1.000

0.540

BMI median (IQR)

34.2 (11.7)

31.5 (8.7)

34.3 (7.7)

0.050b

1.000

0.385

Mean (S.D.)

36.8 (7.3)

31.2 (7.2)

32.5 (5.5)

   

Smoking, n (%)

6 (55)

29 (25)

7 (46.7)

0.095

0.229

0.691

Taking insulin, n (%)

8 (73)

37 (39)

7 (46.7)

0.025d

0.438

0.246

HbA1c > 6.5%, n (%)

9 (82)

78 (76)

13 (87)

0.634

0.346

1.000

Hypertension, n (%)

10 (91)

82 (80)

14 (93)

0.686

0.301

1.000

Statin users, n (%)

9 (82)

44 (42)

9 (60)

0.024d

0.221

0.395

Triglyceride ≥1.7 mmol/L, n (%)

8 (73)

37 (39)

12 (80)

0.025d

< 0.001c

1.000

Low HDL chol*., n (%)

6 (55)

27 (26)

8 (53.3)

0.328

0.097

1.000

Dyslipidaemia*, n (%)

5 (45)

13 (13)

7 (46.7)

0.015d

0.009d

0.951

Metabolic syndrome*, n (%)

11 (100)

89 (87)

15 (100)

N.A.

N.A.

N.A.

HSI*, median (IQR)

50.4 (7.6)

42.7 (9.8)

46.8 (4.3)

0.010a

0.450

0.529

Mean (S.D.)

50.2 (6.5)

43.1 (8.1)

45.2 (5.5)

   

FSI*, median (IQR)

1.12 (1.3)

−0.06 (1.8)

0.83 (0.99)

0.005a

0.113

0.852

Mean (S.D.)

1.48 (1.3)

0.06 (1.6)

0.85 (1.06)

   

Laboratory findings, means (S.D.)

 HbA1c, %

7.9 (1.7)

8.2 (2.2)

8.6 (1.8)

1.000

1.000

1.000

 Triglyceride, mmol/L

2.0 (1.4)

1.7 (1.5)

2.8 (1.2)

0.092

< 0.001a

1.000

 Cholesterol, mmol/L

5.7 (0.7)

4.7 (1.2)

6.3 (1.2)

0.034a

< 0.001a

1.000

 Non-HDL chol. Mmol/L

4.5 (0.8)

3.4 (1.1)

5.2 (1.5)

0.008a

< 0.001a

1.000

 HDL cholesterol, mmol/L

1.1 (0.3)

1.3 (0.4)

1.1 (0.3)

0.422

0.021

1.000

 Uric acid, μmol/L

293 (81)

291 (94)

323 (56)

0.898

0.267

0.846

 Creatinine, μmol/L

77.1 (15.4)

78.5 (28.9)

76.0 (19.8)

1.000

1.000

1.000

 AST, U/L

24.1 (5.2)

23.0 (15.0)

31.8 (11.8)

0.165

0.002a

1.000

 ALT, U/L

29.0 (6.1)

25.1 (22.1)

37.3 (15.5)

0.040a

< 0.001a

1.000

 GGT, U/L

39.8 (32.8)

50.8 (64.1)

54.9 (33.8)

1.000

0.120

0.165

 ESR, mm/h

25.1 (22.1)

17.9 (15.4)

22.2 (18.2)

1.000

0.582

1.000

  1. AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, GGT gamma-glutamyltransferase, BMI body mass index, HSI hepatic steatosis index [26], FSI Framingham steatosis index [27]; *See detailed definitions in Part 2.3 of the Methods; Statistically significant results defined as P < 0.05 by aKruskal-Wallis, bone-way ANOVA, cChi-square or dFisher’s exact tests. N.A. not applicable, IQR interquartile range, S.D. standard deviation
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Lipids in Health and Disease

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