Czirják L, Varjú C. Clinical features of scleroderma-like disorders: a challenge for the rheumatologist. Curr Rheumatol Rev. 2006;2(4):369–79. https://doi.org/10.2174/157339706778699850.
Article
Google Scholar
Varjú C, Kumánovics G, Czirják L, Matucci-Cerinic M, Minier T. Sclerodermalike syndromes: great imitators. Clin Dermatol. 2020;38(2):235–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2019.10.010.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Graff R. Discussion of scleredema adultorum. Arch Dermatol. 1968;98:319–20.
Article
Google Scholar
Kalfa M, Koçanaoğulları H, Zihni FY, Karabulut G, Emmungil H, İnal V. Therapy resistant idiopathic scleredema: an underlying pathology not always present. Eur J Rheumatol. 2015;2(4):163–4. https://doi.org/10.5152/eurjrheum.2015.0004.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Aichelburg MC, Loewe R, Schicher N, Sator PG, Karlhofer FM, Stingl G, et al. Successful treatment of poststreptococcal scleredema adultorum Buschke with intravenous immunoglobulins. Arch Dermatol. 2012;148(10):1126–8. https://doi.org/10.1001/archdermatol.2012.1558.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Knobler R, Moinzadeh P, Hunzelmann N, Kreuter A, Cozzio A, Mouthon L, et al. European dermatology forum S1-guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of sclerosing diseases of the skin, part 2: scleromyxedema, scleredema and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2017;31(10):1581–94. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.14466.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Eastham AB, Femia AN, Velez NF, Smith HP, Vleugels RA. Paraproteinemia-associated scleredema treated successfully with intravenous immunoglobulin. JAMA Dermatol. 2014;150(7):788–9. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.8835.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Christy WC, Buckingham RB, Barnes EL, Prince RK. Scleredema adultorum of Buschke: a clinical, pathologic, and cell culture study of two patients. J Rheumatol. 1983;10:595–601.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Krakowski A, Covo J, Berlin C. Diabetic scleredema. Dermatologica. 1973;146(3):193–8. https://doi.org/10.1159/000251956.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lima AL, Illing T, Schliemann S, Elsner P. Cutaneous manifestations of diabetes mellitus: a review. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2017;18(4):541–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40257-017-0275-z.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nashel J, Steen V. Scleroderma mimics. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2012;14(1):39–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11926-011-0220-8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Varga J, Gotta S, Li L, Sollberg S, Di Leonardo M. Scleredema adultorum: case report and demonstration of abnormal expression of extracellular matrix genes in skin fibroblasts in vivo and in vitro. Br J Dermatol. 1995;132:992–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Varga J, Trojanowska M, Kuwana M. Pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis: recent insights of molecular and cellular mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. J Scleroderma Relat Disord. 2017;2(3):137–52. https://doi.org/10.5301/jsrd.5000249.
Article
Google Scholar
Ohta A, Uitto J, Oikarinen AI, Palatsi R, Mitrane M, Bancila EA, et al. Paraproteinemia in patients with scleredema. Clinical findings and serum effects on skin fibroblasts in vitro. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1987;16(1):96–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0190-9622(87)70009-7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sun K, Wang W, Wang C, Lao G, Liu D, Mai L, et al. AGEs trigger autophagy in diabetic skin tissues and fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2016;471(3):355–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.02.020.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cole GW, Headley J, Skowsky R. Scleredema diabeticorum: a common and distinct cutaneous manifestation of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 1983;6(2):189–92. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.6.2.189.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sattar MA, Diab S, Sugathan TN, Sivanandasingham P, Fenech FF. Scleroedema diabeticorum: a minor but often unrecognized complication of diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med. 1988;5(5):465–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.1988.tb01030.x.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rongioletti F, Kaiser F, Cinotti E, Metze D, Battistella M, Calzavara-Pinton PG, et al. Scleredema. A multicentre study of characteristics, comorbidities, course and therapy in 44 patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2015;29(12):2399–404. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.13272.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Deckers JG, Schellevis FG, Fleming DM. WHO diagnostic criteria as a validation tool for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus: a study in five European countries. Eur J Gen Pract. 2006;12(3):108–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/13814780600881268.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Oyer DS, Saxon D, Shah A. Quantitative assessment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy with use of the clanging tuning fork test. Endocr Pract. 2007;13(1):5–10. https://doi.org/10.4158/EP.13.1.5.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Krumova EK, Geber C, Westermann A, Maier C. Neuropathic pain: is quantitative sensory testing helpful? Curr Diab Rep. 2012;12(4):393–402. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-012-0282-7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Alberti KG, Zimmet P, Shaw J. Metabolic syndrome--a new world-wide definition. A consensus statement from the international diabetes federation. Diabet Med. 2006;23(5):469–80. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01858.x.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sundström J, Risérus U, Byberg L, Zethelius B, Lithell H, Lind L. Clinical value of the metabolic syndrome for long term prediction of total and cardiovascular mortality: prospective, population based cohort study. BMJ. 2006;332(7546):878–82. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.38766.624097.1F.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Tyrrell PN, Beyene J, Feldman BM, McCrindle BW, Silverman ED, Bradley TJ. Rheumatic disease and carotid intima-media thickness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2010;30(5):1014–26. https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.198424.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Varghese JF, Patel R, Yadav UCS. Novel insights in the metabolic syndrome-induced oxidative stress and inflammation-mediated atherosclerosis. Curr Cardiol Rev. 2018;14(1):4–14. https://doi.org/10.2174/1573403X13666171009112250.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Lee JH, Kim D, Kim HJ, Lee CH, Yang JI, Kim W, et al. Hepatic steatosis index: a simple screening tool reflecting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Dig Liver Dis. 2010;42(7):503–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2009.08.002.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Long MT, Pedley A, Colantonio LD, Massaro JM, Hoffmann U, Muntner P, et al. Development and validation of the framingham steatosis index to identify persons with hepatic steatosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;14:1172–80 e2.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Meguerditchian C, Jacquet P, Béliard S, Benderitter T, Valéro R, Carsuzza F, et al. Scleredema adultorum of Buschke: an under recognized skin complication of diabetes. Diabetes Metab. 2006;32(5):481–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1262-3636(07)70307-5.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ferreli C, Gasparini G, Parodi A, Cozzani E, Rongioletti F, Atzori L. Cutaneous manifestations of scleroderma and scleroderma-like disorders: a comprehensive review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2017;53(3):306–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-017-8625-4.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Koga N. Effects of low-density lipoprotein apheresis on coronary and carotid atherosclerosis and diabetic scleredema in patients with severe hypercholesterolemia. Ther Apher. 2001;5(4):244–51. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-0968.2001.00341.x.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ng DS. Diabetic dyslipidemia: from evolving pathophysiological insight to emerging therapeutic targets. Can J Diabetes. 2013;37(5):319–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjd.2013.07.062.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dai W, Ye L, Liu A, Wen SW, Deng J, Wu X, et al. Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96:e8179.
Article
Google Scholar
Marjot T, Sbardella E, Moolla A, Hazlehurst JM, Tan GD, Ainsworth M, et al. Prevalence and severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are underestimated in clinical practice: impact of a dedicated screening approach at a large university teaching hospital. Diabet Med. 2018;35(1):89–98. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.13540.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
González-Becerra K, Ramos-Lopez O, Barrón-Cabrera E, Riezu-Boj JI, Milagro FI, Martínez-López E, et al. Fatty acids, epigenetic mechanisms and chronic diseases: a systematic review. Lipids Health Dis. 2019;18(1):178. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-019-1120-6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ikeda Y, Suehiro T, Abe T, Yoshida T, et al. Severe diabetic scleredema with extension to the extremities and effective treatment using prostaglandin E1. Intern Med. 1998;37(10):861–4. https://doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.37.861.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mehdi AA, Salti I, Uthman I. Antiphospholipid syndrome: endocrinologic manifestations and organ involvement. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2011;37(01):49–57. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1270071.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ferrannini G, Svenungsson E, Kjellström B, Elvin K, Grosso G, Näsman P, et al. Antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with dysglycaemia: a neglected cardiovascular risk factor? Diab Vasc Dis Res. 2020;17:1479164120922123.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Elnaem MH, Mohamed MHN, Huri HZ, Azarisman SM, Elkalmi RM. Statin therapy prescribing for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a review of current evidence and challenges. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2017;9:80–7.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Wake M, Oh A, Onishi Y, Guelfucci F, Shimasaki Y, Teramoto T. Adherence and persistence to hyperlipidemia medications in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and those with diabetes mellitus based on administrative claims data in Japan. Atherosclerosis. 2019;282:19–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.12.026.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Yu S, Jin J, Chen Z, Luo X. High-intensity statin therapy yields better outcomes in acute coronary syndrome patients: a meta-analysis involving 26,497 patients. Lipids Health Dis. 2020;19(1):194. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-020-01369-6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Goldberg RB, Stone NJ, Grundy SM. The 2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA guidelines on the management of blood cholesterol in diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(8):1673–8. https://doi.org/10.2337/dci19-0036.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar