Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants

Age, mean, SD

51

12

54

11

 < 0.001

BMI, mean, SD

27.65

4.63

27.62

4.49

0.874

Sex, count, %

Male

1,313

42.6%

311

40.2%

0.123

Female

1,772

57.4%

463

59.8%

 Past medical history, count, %

  Hypertension

50

1.6%

277

35.8%

 < 0.001

  Diabetes

233

7.6%

257

33.2%

 < 0.001

  Family history of heart disease

23

0.7%

274

35.4%

 < 0.001

  Statin Users

333

10.8%

216

27.9%

 < 0.001

  Smoking

151

4.9%

228

29.5%

 < 0.001

Laboratory data (mmol/L), mean, SD

  Triglyceride

1.41

0.59

1.74

0.82

 < 0.001

  Total cholesterol

4.70

0.92

4.82

1.18

0.001

  Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C)

2.89

0.80

2.95

1.11

0.065

  High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C)

1.14

0.27

1.10

.23

 < 0.001

  Fasting blood sugar

4.92

0.85

6.86

2.90

 < 0.001

Novel Markers mean, SD

  Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP)

0.06

0.24

0.17

0.22

 < 0.001

  Castelli risk index-I (CRI-I)

4.33

1.28

4.62

1.64

 < 0.001

  Castelli risk index-II (CRI-II)

2.68

1.02

2.87

1.46

 < 0.001

  Cholesterol index (CHOLINDEX)

1.75

0.86

1.86

1.16

0.012

  Lipoprotein combine index (LCI)

20.33

16.53

26.76

27.97

 < 0.001

  Metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS − IR)

42.16

8.50

44.32

8.24

 < 0.001

  Triglyceride glucose (TyG) index

8.52

0.49

8.99

0.60

 < 0.001

  Triglyceride glucose (TyG)-BMI

236.20

45.61

248.68

45.43

 < 0.001