World Health Organization (WHO). Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Available at: https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds) Cited date May 10, 2022.
Malakar AK, Choudhury D, Halder B, Paul P, Uddin A, Chakraborty S. A review on coronary artery disease, its risk factors, and therapeutics. J Cell Physiol. 2019;234:16812–23.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Virani SS, Alonso A, Benjamin EJ, Bittencourt MS, Callaway CW, Carson AP, Chamberlain AM, Chang AR, Cheng S, Delling FN, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2020 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020;141:e139–596.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tardif J-C. Coronary artery disease in 2010. Eur Heart J Suppl. 2010;12:C2–10.
Article
Google Scholar
Mendis S, Puska P, Norrving Be, Organization WH: Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control. World Health Organization; 2011.
Ross R. Atherosclerosis–an inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med. 1999;340:115–26.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pahwa R, Jialal I. Atherosclerosis. [Updated 2020 Aug 10]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507799/.
Lusis AJ. Atherosclerosis. Nature. 2000;407:233–41.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Rafieian-Kopaei M, Setorki M, Doudi M, Baradaran A, Nasri H. Atherosclerosis: process, indicators, risk factors and new hopes. Int J Prev Med. 2014;5:927–46.
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Mahdavi-Roshan M, Shilan A, kasmaei p, farmanbar r, Shakiba M, Zareban I, Mohamadkhah F: Factors predicting nutritional behaviors related to gastric cancer: A model-guided study. Drug Invention Today 2018, 10.
Virchow R. Phlogose und thrombose in gefassystem. Gesammelte abhandlungen zur wissenschaftlichen medicin. 1856;458–63.
Wilkins LW. Classics in arteriosclerosis research: On experimental cholesterin steatosis and its significance in the origin of some pathological processes by N. Anitschkow and S. Chalatow, translated by Mary Z. Pelias, 1913. Arteriosclerosis. 1983;3(2):178–82.
Article
Google Scholar
Berliner JA, Navab M, Fogelman AM, Frank JS, Demer LL, Edwards PA, Watson AD. Lusis AJ: Atherosclerosis: Basic Mechanisms. Circulation. 1995;91:2488–96.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
von Rokitansky KF: A manual of pathological anatomy. Blanchard & Lea; 1855.
Ross R. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: a perspective for the 1990s. Nature. 1993;362:801–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nordestgaard BG, Varbo A. Triglycerides and cardiovascular disease. The Lancet. 2014;384:626–35.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Palatini P, Julius S. Elevated heart rate: a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2004;26:637–44.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Austin MA. Plasma triglyceride and coronary heart disease. Arterioscler thromb. 1991;11:2–14.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wang L, Chen F, Xiaoqi C, Yujun C, Zijie L. Atherogenic Index of Plasma Is an Independent Risk Factor for Coronary Artery Disease and a Higher SYNTAX Score. Angiology. 2021;72:181–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Álvarez-Álvarez MM, Zanetti D, Carreras-Torres R, Moral P, Athanasiadis G. A survey of sub-Saharan gene flow into the Mediterranean at risk loci for coronary artery disease. Eur J Hum Genet. 2017;25:472–6.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Bauersachs R, Zannad F. Rivaroxaban: a new treatment paradigm in the setting of vascular protection? Thromb Haemost. 2018;118:S12–22.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hanson MA, Fareed MT, Argenio SL, Agunwamba AO, Hanson TR. Coronary artery disease. Prim Care. 2013;40:1–16.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mahdavi-Roshan M, Salari A, Vakilpour A, Savar Rakhsh A, Ghorbani Z. Rice bran oil could favorably ameliorate atherogenicity and insulin resistance indices among men with coronary artery disease: post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Lipids Health Dis. 2021;20:153.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Cai G, Shi G, Xue S, Lu W. The atherogenic index of plasma is a strong and independent predictor for coronary artery disease in the Chinese Han population. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96:e8058.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Thai PV, Tien HA, Van Minh H, Valensi P. Triglyceride glucose index for the detection of asymptomatic coronary artery stenosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2020;19:137.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ding X, Wang X, Wu J, Zhang M, Cui M. Triglyceride-glucose index and the incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2021;20:76.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Si Y, Fan W, Han C, Liu J, Sun L. Atherogenic Index of Plasma, Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio for Predicting Subclinical Coronary Artery Disease. Am J Med Sci. 2021;362:285–90.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Won KB, Jang MH, Park EJ, Park HB, Heo R, Han D, Chang HJ. Atherogenic index of plasma and the risk of advanced subclinical coronary artery disease beyond traditional risk factors: An observational cohort study. Clin Cardiol. 2020;43:1398–404.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kalelioglu T, Genc A, Karamustafalioglu N, Emul M. Assessment of cardiovascular risk via atherogenic indices in patients with bipolar disorder manic episode and alterations with treatment. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2017;11(Suppl 1):S473-s475.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Castelli WP, Abbott RD, McNamara PM. Summary estimates of cholesterol used to predict coronary heart disease. Circulation. 1983;67:730–4.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hanak V, Munoz J, Teague J, Stanley A Jr, Bittner V. Accuracy of the triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio for prediction of the low-density lipoprotein phenotype B. Am J Cardiol. 2004;94:219–22.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fernández-Macías JC, Ochoa-Martínez AC, Varela-Silva JA, Pérez-Maldonado IN. Atherogenic Index of Plasma: Novel Predictive Biomarker for Cardiovascular Illnesses. Arch Med Res. 2019;50:285–94.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sachdeva A, Cannon CP, Deedwania PC, LaBresh KA, Smith SC Jr, Dai D, Hernandez A, Fonarow GC. Lipid levels in patients hospitalized with coronary artery disease: an analysis of 136,905 hospitalizations in Get With The Guidelines. Am Heart J. 2009;157(111–117):e112.
Google Scholar
Soares LP, Fabbro ALD, Silva AS, Sartorelli DS, Franco LF, Kuhn PC, Moises RS, Vieira-Filho JPB, Franco LJ. Cardiovascular Risk in Xavante Indigenous Population. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2018;110:542–50.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Koca TT, Tugan CB, Seyithanoglu M, Kocyigit BF. The Clinical Importance of the Plasma Atherogenic Index, Other Lipid Indexes, and Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion in Patients with Stroke. Eurasian J Med. 2019;51:172–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Knuuti J, Wijns W, Saraste A, Capodanno D, Barbato E, Funck-Brentano C, Prescott E, Storey RF, Deaton C, Cuisset T, et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes: The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2020;41:407–77.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Braunwald E, Bonow R: Cardiovascular Medicine. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 9 [sup] th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2012.
Dobiásová M, Frohlich J. The plasma parameter log (TG/HDL-C) as an atherogenic index: correlation with lipoprotein particle size and esterification rate in apoB-lipoprotein-depleted plasma (FER(HDL)). Clin Biochem. 2001;34:583–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Oguntola SO, Hassan MO, Duarte R, Dix-Peek T, Dickens C, Olorunfemi G, Vachiat A, Paget G, Manga P, Naicker S. Atherosclerotic vascular disease and its correlates in stable black South African kidney transplant recipients. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis. 2018;11:187–93.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Tecer D, Sunar I, Ozdemirel AE, Tural R, Kucuksahin O, Sepici Dincel A, Ataman S. Usefullnes of atherogenic indices and Ca-LDL level to predict subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with psoriatic arthritis? Advances in Rheumatology. 2019;59:49.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Akpınar O, Bozkurt A, Acartürk E, Seydaoğlu G. A new index (CHOLINDEX) in detecting coronary artery disease risk. Anadolu Kardiyol Derg. 2013;13:315–9.
PubMed
Google Scholar
Olamoyegun MA, Oluyombo R, Asaolu SO. Evaluation of dyslipidemia, lipid ratios, and atherogenic index as cardiovascular risk factors among semi-urban dwellers in Nigeria. Ann Afr Med. 2016;15:194–9.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Bello-Chavolla OY, Almeda-Valdes P, Gomez-Velasco D, Viveros-Ruiz T, Cruz-Bautista I, Romo-Romo A, Sánchez-Lázaro D, Meza-Oviedo D, Vargas-Vázquez A, Campos OA, et al. METS-IR, a novel score to evaluate insulin sensitivity, is predictive of visceral adiposity and incident type 2 diabetes. Eur J Endocrinol. 2018;178:533–44.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Yu X, Wang L, Zhang W, Ming J, Jia A, Xu S, Li Q, Ji Q. Fasting triglycerides and glucose index is more suitable for the identification of metabolically unhealthy individuals in the Chinese adult population: A nationwide study. J Diabetes Investig. 2019;10:1050–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Er L-K, Wu S, Chou H-H, Hsu L-A, Teng M-S, Sun Y-C, Ko Y-L. Triglyceride Glucose-Body Mass Index Is a Simple and Clinically Useful Surrogate Marker for Insulin Resistance in Nondiabetic Individuals. PLoS ONE. 2016;11:e0149731–e0149731.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Guo Q, Zhou S, Feng X, Yang J, Qiao J, Zhao Y, Shi D, Zhou Y. The sensibility of the new blood lipid indicator–atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) in menopausal women with coronary artery disease. Lipids Health Dis. 2020;19:27.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Wu TT, Gao Y, Zheng YY, Ma YT, Xie X. Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP): a novel predictive indicator for the coronary artery disease in postmenopausal women. Lipids Health Dis. 2018;17:197.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Qin Z, Zhou K, Li Y, Cheng W, Wang Z, Wang J, Gao F, Yang L, Xu Y, Wu Y, et al. The atherogenic index of plasma plays an important role in predicting the prognosis of type 2 diabetic subjects undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: results from an observational cohort study in China. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2020;19:23.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Li Y-W, Kao T-W, Chang P-K, Chen W-L, Wu L-W. Atherogenic index of plasma as predictors for metabolic syndrome, hypertension and diabetes mellitus in Taiwan citizens: a 9-year longitudinal study. Sci Rep. 2021;11:9900–9900.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Zhu X, Yu L, Zhou H, Ma Q, Zhou X, Lei T, Hu J, Xu W, Yi N, Lei S. Atherogenic index of plasma is a novel and better biomarker associated with obesity: a population-based cross-sectional study in China. Lipids Health Dis. 2018;17:37.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Tecer D, Sunar I, Ozdemirel AE, Tural R, Kucuksahin O, Sepici Dincel A, Ataman S. Usefullnes of atherogenic indices and Ca-LDL level to predict subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with psoriatic arthritis? Adv Rheumatol. 2019;59:49.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gentile M, Iannuzzo G, Simeon V, Mattiello A, Rubba F, Panico C, Panico S, Rubba P. Association between atherogenic index of plasma and carotid intima-media thickness in a cohort of Mediterranean women. Acta Cardiol. 2021;76(9):987–92.
Garg R, Knox N, Prasad S, Zinzuwadia S, Rech MA. The Atherogenic Index of Plasma is Independently Associated with Symptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2020;29:105351.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hong S, Han K, Park CY. The triglyceride glucose index is a simple and low-cost marker associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a population-based study. BMC Med. 2020;18:361.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Park GM, Cho YR, Won KB, Yang YJ, Park S, Ann SH, Kim YG, Park EJ, Kim SJ, Lee SG, et al. Triglyceride glucose index is a useful marker for predicting subclinical coronary artery disease in the absence of traditional risk factors. Lipids Health Dis. 2020;19:7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Liu XC, He GD, Lo K, Huang YQ, Feng YQ. The Triglyceride-Glucose Index, an Insulin Resistance Marker, Was Non-linear Associated With All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in the General Population. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2020;7:628109.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lu YW, Chang CC, Chou RH, Tsai YL, Liu LK, Chen LK, Huang PH, Lin SJ. Gender difference in the association between TyG index and subclinical atherosclerosis: results from the I-Lan Longitudinal Aging Study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2021;20:206.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Jin JL, Cao YX, Wu LG, You XD, Guo YL, Wu NQ, Zhu CG, Gao Y, Dong QT, Zhang HW, et al. Triglyceride glucose index for predicting cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease. J Thorac Dis. 2018;10:6137–46.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Soltanipour S, Hasandokht T, Soleimani R, Mahdavi-Roshan M, Jalali MM. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Soy on Glucose Metabolism in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. The review of diabetic studies : RDS. 2019;15:60–70.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Zhu L, Lu Z, Zhu L, Ouyang X, Yang Y, He W, Feng Y, Yi F, Song Y. Lipoprotein ratios are better than conventional lipid parameters in predicting coronary heart disease in Chinese Han people. Kardiol Pol. 2015;73:931–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mahdavi-Roshan M, Salari A, Kheirkhah J, Ghorbani Z. The Effects of Probiotics on Inflammation, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Atherosclerosis Progression: A Mechanistic Overview. Heart Lung Circ. 2022;31:e45–71.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tam CS, Xie W, Johnson WD, Cefalu WT, Redman LM, Ravussin E. Defining Insulin Resistance From Hyperinsulinemic-Euglycemic Clamps. Diabetes Care. 2012;35:1605–10.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Bello-Chavolla OY, Almeda-Valdes P, Gomez-Velasco D, Viveros-Ruiz T, Cruz-Bautista I, Romo-Romo A, Sanchez-Lazaro D, Meza-Oviedo D, Vargas-Vazquez A, Campos OA, et al. METS-IR, a novel score to evaluate insulin sensitivity, is predictive of visceral adiposity and incident type 2 diabetes. Eur J Endocrinol. 2018;178:533–44.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Semenkovich CF. Insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. J Clin Investig. 2006;116:1813–22.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Jin Y, Wu Y, Zeng Z, Jin C, Wu S, Wang Y, Fu Z. From the Cover: Exposure to Oral Antibiotics Induces Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Associated with Lipid Metabolism Dysfunction and Low-Grade Inflammation in Mice. Toxicol Sci. 2016;154:140–52.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Elhady M, Elazab AAAM, Bahagat KA, Abdallah NA. Ibrahim GE-S: Fatty pancreas in relation to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in children with obesity. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2019;32:19–26.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Reaven GM. Insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension. Parallels between human disease and rodent models. Diabetes Care. 1991;14:195–202.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Peng J, Luo F, Ruan G, Peng R, Li X. Hypertriglyceridemia and atherosclerosis. Lipids Health Dis. 2017;16:233.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ghorbani Z, Togha M, Rafiee P, Ahmadi ZS, Rasekh Magham R, Djalali M, Shahemi S, Martami F, Zareei M, Razeghi Jahromi S, et al. Vitamin D3 might improve headache characteristics and protect against inflammation in migraine: a randomized clinical trial. Neurol Sci. 2020;41:1183–92.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dobiasova M, Frohlich J, Sedova M, Cheung MC, Brown BG. Cholesterol esterification and atherogenic index of plasma correlate with lipoprotein size and findings on coronary angiography. J Lipid Res. 2011;52:566–71.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar