Table 3 Odds ratio and accompanying 95% confidence interval for having CAD associated with a continuous increment in traditional cardio-metabolic factors, atherogenicity indices, and surrogate markers of insulin resistance and with the participants categorized into quartiles of these variables

Serum traditional cardio-metabolic parameters (mmol/L)

 Triglyceride

  Continuous ^a

1.98 (1.65–2.37)

 < 0.001

  Cases/controls

123/819

169/811

212/777

270/678

  Median (mmol/L)

0.77

1.14

1.61

2.27

  Crude model

1.00

1.39

(1.07–1.79)

1.82

(1.42–2.31)

2.65

(2.09–3.35)

  Adjusted model ^a

1.00

1.66

(1.16–2.38)

1.90

(1.33–2.72)

2.72

(1.90–3.89)

 Total cholesterol

  Continuous ^a

1.30 (1.15–1.45)

 < 0.001

  Cases/controls

208/744

193/820

159/795

214/726

  Median (mmol/L)

3.62

4.34

4.97

5.92

  Crude model

1.00

0.84

(0.67–1.04)

0.72

(0.56–0.90)

1.05

(0.84–1.30)

  Adjusted model ^a

1.00

1.26

(0.90–1.79)

1.01

(0.70–1.45)

1.51

(1.08–2.12)

 Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C)

  Continuous ^a

1.35 (1.12–1.53)

 < 0.001

  Cases/controls

264/709

141/807

131/847

238/722

  Median (mmol/L)

1.92

2.55

3.11

3.93

  Crude model

1.00

0.47

(0.37–0.58)

0.42

(0.32–0.52)

0.88

(0.72–1.08)

  Adjusted model ^a

1.00

0.60

(0.42–0.85)

0.76

(0.53–1.01)

1.32

(0.97–1.81)

 High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C)

  Continuous ^a

0.26 (0.16–0.41)

 < 0.001

  Cases/noncases

224/885

175/588

249/830

126/782

  Median (mmol/L)

0.85

1.03

1.19

1.47

  Crude model

1.00

1.17

(0.94–1.47)

1.18

(0.96–1.45)

0.63

(0.50–0.80)

  Adjusted model ^a

1.00

0.83

(0.60–1.16)

0.79

(0.58–1.06)

0.41

(0.29–0.59)

 Fasting blood sugar

  Continuous ^a

1.92 (1.72–2.14)

 < 0.001

  Cases/noncases

40/939

78/923

181/799

475/424

  Median (mmol/L)

4.33

4.72

5.16

6.22

  Crude model

1.00

1.98

(1.34–2.93)

5.31

(3.72–7.58)

26.29

(18.67–37.03)

  Adjusted model ^a

1.00

2.81

(1.71–4.62)

6.34

(4.00–10.04)

21.56

(13.54–34.33)

Novel indices

 Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP)

  Continuous ^a

8.92 (5.23–15.23)

 < 0.001

  Cases/noncases

98/869

176/786

245/722

255/708

  Median

-0.21

0.00

0.18

0.37

  Crude model

1.00

1.98

(1.52–2.58)

3.00

(2.33–3.88)

3.19

(2.47–4.11)

  Adjusted model ^a

1.00

1.92

(1.32–2.79)

3.05

(2.10–4.42)

3.80

(2.62–5.53)

 Castelli risk index-I (CRI-I)

  Continuous ^a

1.37 (1.26–1.49)

 < 0.001

  Cases/noncases

172/792

209/756

175/791

218/746

  Median

3.00

3.77

4.57

5.97

  Crude model

1.00

1.27

(1.02–1.59)

1.02

(0.81–1.29)

1.35

(1.08–1.68)

  Adjusted model ^a

1.00

1.73

(1.22–2.45)

1.45

(1.00–2.09)

2.58

(1.82–3.66)

 Castelli risk index-II (CRI-II)

  Continuous ^a

1.43 (1.30–1.57)

 < 0.001

  Cases/noncases

224/740

182/787

147/816

221/742

  Median

1.59

2.23

2.85

3.97

  Crude model

1.00

0.76

(0.61–0.95)

0.60

(0.47–0.75)

0.98

(0.76–1.21)

  Adjusted model ^a

1.00

0.98

(0.70–1.38)

0.99

(0.69–1.41)

1.68

(1.21–2.34)

 Cholesterol index (CHOLINDEX)

  Continuous ^a

1.44 (1.27–1.62)

 < 0.001

  Cases/noncases

253/713

150/800

131/847

240/725

  Median

0.75

1.40

1.99

2.89

  Crude model

1.00

0.52

(0.42–0.66)

0.43

(0.34–0.55)

0.93

(0.76–1.14)

  Adjusted model ^a

1.00

0.64

(0.45–0.91)

0.78

(0.54–1.12)

1.49

(1.09–2.05)

 Lipoprotein combine index (LCI)

  Continuous ^a

1.02 (1.01–1.03)

 < 0.001

  Cases/noncases

135/830

201/753

205/760

233/732

  Median

5.73

12.08

21.19

40.35

  Crude model

1.00

1.62

(1.28–2.06)

1.65

(1.31–2.10)

1.95

(1.55–2.47)

  Adjusted model ^a

1.00

2.19

(1.52–3.16)

2.63

(1.82–3.79)

3.24

(2.25–4.66)

 Metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS − IR)

  Continuous ^b

1.00 (0.98–1.02)

0.824

  Cases/noncases

124/841

191/773

239/727

220/744

  Median

32.89

39.27

44.82

52.87

  Crude model

1.00

1.67

(1.31–2.14)

2.23

(1.75–2.83)

2.00

(1.57–2.55)

  Adjusted model ^b

1.00

1.46

(1.03–2.06)

1.64

(1.18–2.29)

1.11

(0.78–1.57)

 Triglyceride glucose (TyG) index

  Continuous ^b

4.12 (3.20–5.30)

 < 0.001

  Cases/noncases

77/889

122/841

197/768

378/587

  Median

7.97

8.43

8.79

9.22

  Crude model

1.00

1.68

(1.24–2.26)

2.96

(2.24–3.92)

7.44

(5.70–9.70)

  Adjusted model ^b

1.00

1.64

(1.10–2.45)

2.51

(1.71–3.70)

4.80

(3.29–6.97)

 Triglyceride glucose (TyG)-BMI

  Continuous ^b

1.00 (0.99–1.02)

0.460

  Cases/noncases

130/834

205/760

215/750

224/741

  Median

185.33

221.36

250.02

293.42

  Crude model

1.00

1.73

(1.36–2.20)

1.84

(1.45–2.37)

1.99

(1.53–2.46)

  Adjusted model ^b

1.00

1.41

(1.00–1.97)

1.32

(0.94–1.85)

0.86

(0.60–1.22)