Cholesterol Treatment Trialistsʼ (CTT) Collaborators, Mihaylova B, Emberson J, Blackwell L, Keech A, Simes J, et al. The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with statin therapy in people at low risk of vascular disease: meta-analysis of individual data from 27 randomised trials. Lancet. 2012;380:581–90.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Keech A, Simes RJ, Barter P, Best J, Scott R, Taskinen MR, et al. FIELD study investigators. Effects of long-term fenofibrate therapy on cardiovascular events in 9795 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the FIELD study): randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2005;366:1849–61.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cholesterol Treatment Trialists’ (CTT) Collaboration, Baigent C, Blackwell L, Emberson J, Holland LE, Reith C, et al. Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170,000 participants in 26 randomised trials. Lancet. 2010;376:1670–81.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Silverman MG, Ference BA, Im K, Wiviott SD, Giugliano RP, Grundy SM, et al. Association between lowering LDL-C and cardiovascular risk reduction among different therapeutic interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2016;316:1289–97.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Catapano AL, Graham I, De Backer G, Wiklund O, Chapman MJ, Drexel H, et al. 2016 ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias. Eur Heart J. 2016;37:2999–3058.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ference BA, Kastelein JJP, Ray KK, Ginsberg HN, Chapman MJ, Packard CJ, et al. Association of triglyceride-lowering LPL variants and LDL-C-lowering LDLR variants with risk of coronary heart disease. JAMA. 2019;321:364–73.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ohm J, Hjemdahl P, Skoglund PH, Discacciati A, Sundström J, Hambraeus K, et al. Lipid levels achieved after a first myocardial infarction and the prediction of recurrent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Int J Cardiol. 2019;296:1–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Calabrò P, Gragnano F. Event recurrence after myocardial infarction: prediction is very difficult, especially about the future. Int J Cardiol. 2019;296:30–1.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schwartz GG, Abt M, Bao W, DeMicco D, Kallend D, Miller M, et al. Fasting triglycerides predict recurrent ischemic events in patients with acute coronary syndrome treated with statins. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;65:2267–75.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Miller M, Cannon CP, Murphy SA, Qin J, Ray KK, Braunwald E. Impact of triglyceride levels beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol after acute coronary syndrome in the PROVE IT-TIMI 22 trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;51:724–30.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ishibashi S, Yamashita S, Arai H, Araki E, Yokote K, Suganami H, et al. Effects of K-877, a novel selective PPARα modulator (SPPARMα), in dyslipidaemic patients: a randomized, double blind, active- and placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Atherosclerosis. 2016;249:36–43.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ishibashi S, Arai H, Yokote K, Araki E, Suganami H, Yamashita S. Efficacy and safety of pemafibrate (K-877), a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α modulator, in patients with dyslipidemia; results from a 24-week, randomized, double blind, active-controlled, phase 3 trial. J Clin Lipidol. 2018;12:173–84.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pradhan AD, Paynter NP, Everett BM, Glynn RJ, Amarenco P, Elam M, et al. Rationale and design of the pemafibrate to reduce cardiovascular outcomes by reducing triglycerides in patients with diabetes (PROMINENT) study. Am H J. 2018;206:80–93.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Fruchart JC. Pemafibrate (K-877), a novel selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha modulator for management of atherogenic dyslipidaemia. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-017-0602-y.
Yamamoto Y, Takei K, Arulmozhiraja A, Arulmozhiraja S, Sladek V, Matsuo N, et al. Molecular association model of PPARα and its new specific and efficient ligand, pemafibrate: structural basis for SPPARMα. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2018;499:239–45.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Birjmohun RS, Hutten BA, Kastelein JJP, Stroes ESG. Efficacy and safety of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-increasing compounds: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;45:185–97.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kraja AT, Province MA, Straka RJ, Ordovas JM, Borecki IB, Arnett DK. Fenofibrate and metabolic syndrome. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2010;10:138–48.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Vaziri ND. Dyslipidemia of chronic renal failure: the nature, mechanisms, and potential consequences. Am J Physiol Ren Physiol. 2006;290:262–72.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Mishima Y, Ando M, Kuyama A, Hisayama F, Ishioka T, Kibata M. A simple method for identifying particle size of low-density lipoprotein using PAG electrophoresis: comparison between LipoPhor and LipoPrint LDL systems. J Jpn Atheroscler Soc. 1997;25:67–70 (in Japanese).
Article
Google Scholar
Imajo K, Hyogo H, Yoneda M, Honda Y, Kessoku T, Tomeno W, et al. LDL-migration index (LDL-MI), an indicator of small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL), is higher in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis than in non-alcoholic fatty liver: a multicenter cross-sectional study. PLoS One. 2014;9(12):e115403. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0115403.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Miida T, Nishimura K, Hirayama S, Miyamoto Y, Nakamura M, Masuda D, et al. Homogeneous assays for LDL-C and HDL-C are reliable in both the postprandial and fasting state. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2017;24:583–99.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Miwa K, Nakagawa K, Suzuki K, Inoue H. Detection of the “midband” lipoprotein in patients with coronary artery spasm. Clin Cardiol. 2001;24:219–24.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wang H, Li H, Zhou Y, Liu J, Wang F, Zhao Q. Pemafibrate tends to have better efficacy in treating dyslipidemia than fenofibrate. Curr Pharm Des. 2019;25:4725–34.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Araki E, Yamashita S, Arai H, Yokote K, Satoh J, Inoguchi T, et al. Effects of pemafibrate, a novel selective PPARα modulator, on lipid and glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Diabetes Care. 2018;41:538–46.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sairyo M, Kobayashi T, Masuda D, Kanno K, Zhu Y, Okada T, et al. A novel selective PPARα modulator (SPPARMα), K-877 (pemafibrate), attenuates postprandial hypertriglyceridemia in mice. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2018;25:142–52.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hirose T, Teramoto T, Abe K, Taneyama T. J-BENEFIT study group. Determinants of bezafibrate-induced improvements in LDL cholesterol in dyslipidemic patients with diabetes. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2015;22:676–84.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ginsberg HN, Le NA, Gibson JC. Regulation of the production and catabolism of plasma low density lipoproteins in hypertriglyceridemic subjects; effect of weight loss. J Clin Invest. 1985;75:614–23.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Sigurdsson G, Nicoll A, Lewis B. Conversion of very low density lipoprotein to low density lipoprotein: a metabolic study of apolipoprotein B kinetics in human subjects. J Clin Invest. 1975;56:1481–90.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Schoonjans K, Staels B, Auwerx J. The peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARS) and their effects on lipid metabolism and adipocyte differentiation. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1996;1302:93–109.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ai M, Otokozawa S, Asztalos BF, Ito Y, Nakajima K, White CC, et al. Small dense low density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary heart disease: results from the Framingham offspring study. Clin Chem. 2010;56:967–76.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hoogeveen RC, Gaubatz JW, Sun W, Dodge RC, Crosby JR, Jiang J, et al. Small dense low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations predict risk for coronary heart disease: the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2014;34:1069–77.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Sakai K, Koba S, Nakamura Y, Yokota Y, Tsunoda F, Shoji M, et al. Small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is a promising biomarker for secondary prevention in older men with stable coronary artery disease. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2018;18:965–72.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hayashi T, Koba S, Ito Y, Hirano T. Method for estimating high sdLDL-C by measuring triglyceride and apolipoprotein B levels. Lipids Health Dis. 2017;16:21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-017-0417-6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Cesaro A, Gragnano F, Fimiani F, Moscarella E, Diana V, Pariggiano I, et al. Impact of PCSK9 inhibitors on the quality of life of patients at high cardiovascular risk. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2020;27:556–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Farmaki P, Damaskos C, Garmpis N, Garmpi A, Savvanis S, Diamantis E. PCSK9 inhibitors and cardiovascular disease: impact on cardiovascular outcomes. Curr Drug Discov Technol. 2020;17:138–46.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kjellmo CA, Hovland A, Lappegård KT. CVD risk stratification in the PCSK9 era: is there a role for LDL subfractions? Diseases. 2018;6(2):45. https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases6020045.
Article
CAS
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ai M, Tanaka A, Tomie N, Ogita K, Sekine M, Numano F, et al. Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein cholesterol exceeds low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in hypertriglyceridemia patients. Horm Metab Res. 2001;33:612–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention (BIP) Study. Secondary prevention by raising HDL cholesterol and reducing triglycerides in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation. 2000;102:21–7.
Article
Google Scholar
Chapman MJ, Ginsberg HN, Amarenco P, Andreotti F, Borén J, Catapano AL, et al. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease: evidence and guidance for management. Eur Heart J. 2011;32:1345–61.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Sørensen LP, Andersen IR, Søndergaard E, Gormsen LC, Schmitz O, Christiansen JS, et al. Basal and insulin mediated VLDL-triglyceride kinetics in type 2 diabetic men. Diabetes. 2011;60:88–96.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Joshi PH, Khokhar AA, Massaro JM, Lirette ST, Griswold ME, Martin SS, et al. Remnant lipoprotein cholesterol and incident coronary heart disease: the Jackson heart and Framingham offspring cohort studies. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.115.002765.
Johansen RF, Søndergaard E, Sørensen LP, Jurik AG, Christiansen JS, Nielsen S. Basal and insulin-regulated VLDL1 and VLDL2 kinetics in men with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2016;59:833–43.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Noda H, Iso H, Irie F, Sairenchi T, Ohtaka E, Ohta H. Association between non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations and mortality from coronary heart disease among Japanese men and women: the Ibaraki prefectural health study. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2010;17:30–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Robinson JG, Wang S, Smith BJ, Jacobson TA. Meta-analysis of the relationship between non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction and coronary heart disease risk. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53:316–22.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Boot CS, Middling E, Allen J, Neely RD. Evaluation of the non-HDL cholesterol to apolipoprotein B ratio as a screening test for dysbetalipoproteinemia. Clin Chem. 2019;65:313–20.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kameda K, Matsuzawa Y, Kubo M, Ishikawa K, Maejima I, Yamamura T, et al. Increased frequency of lipoprotein disorders similar to type III hyperlipoproteinemia in survivors of myocardial infarction. Atherosclerosis. 1984;51:241–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tsujita K, Sugiyama S, Sumida H, Shimomura H, Yamashita T, Yamanaga K, et al. Impact of dual lipid-lowering strategy with ezetimibe and atorvastatin on coronary plaque regression in patients with percutaneous coronary intervention: the multicenter randomized controlled PRECISE-IVUS trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;66:495–507.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar