Organization WH. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs317/en/. Accessed on 17 May 2017
Willett WC. Dietary fats and coronary heart disease. J Intern Med. 2012;272:13–24.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Mente A, de Koning L, Shannon HS, Anand SS. A systematic review of the evidence supporting a causal link between dietary factors and coronary heart disease. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169:659–69.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Hooper L, Martin N, Abdelhamid A, Davey Smith G. Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;10:Cd011737.
Widmer RJ, Flammer AJ, Lerman LO, Lerman A. The Mediterranean diet, its components, and cardiovascular disease. Am J Med. 2015;128:229–38.
Article
Google Scholar
Nations FaAOotU. Summary of conclusions and dietary recommendations on total fat and fatty acids in fats and fatty acids in human nutrition—report of an expert consultation. Geneva: FAO/WHO; 2010.
Google Scholar
Michas G, Micha R, Zampelas A. Dietary fats and cardiovascular disease: putting together the pieces of a complicated puzzle. Atherosclerosis. 2014;234:320–8.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Calder PC. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation, and inflammatory diseases. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;83:1505s–19s.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Munoz A, Costa M. Nutritionally mediated oxidative stress and inflammation. Oxidative Med Cell Longev. 2013;2013:610950.
Article
Google Scholar
Longhi R, Almeida RF, Pettenuzzo LF, Souza DG, Machado L, Quincozes-Santos A, Souza DO. Effect of a trans fatty acid-enriched diet on mitochondrial, inflammatory, and oxidative stress parameters in the cortex and hippocampus of Wistar rats. Eur J Nutr. 2018;57:1913–24.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Sverdlov AL, Elezaby A, Qin F, Behring JB, Luptak I, Calamaras TD, Siwik DA, Miller EJ, Liesa M, Shirihai OS, et al. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species mediate cardiac structural, functional, and mitochondrial consequences of diet-induced metabolic heart disease. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016;5:e002555.
Article
Google Scholar
Ruparelia N, Chai JT, Fisher EA, Choudhury RP. Inflammatory processes in cardiovascular disease: a route to targeted therapies. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2017;14:133–44.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Estruch R, Ros E, Salas-Salvado J, Covas MI, Corella D, Aros F, Gomez-Gracia E, Ruiz-Gutierrez V, Fiol M, Lapetra J, et al. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a Mediterranean diet. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:1279–90.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Guasch-Ferre M, Babio N, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Corella D, Ros E, Martin-Pelaez S, Estruch R, Aros F, Gomez-Gracia E, Fiol M, et al. Dietary fat intake and risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in a population at high risk of cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;102:1563–73.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Houston DK, Ding J, Lee JS, Garcia M, Kanaya AM, Tylavsky FA, Newman AB, Visser M, Kritchevsky SB. Dietary fat and cholesterol and risk of cardiovascular disease in older adults: the health ABC study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2011;21:430–7.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Rimm E, Ascherio A, Rosner BA, Spiegelman D, Willett WC. Dietary fat and coronary heart disease: a comparison of approaches for adjusting for total energy intake and modeling repeated dietary measurements. Am J Epidemiol. 1999;149:531–40.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Yamagishi K, Iso H, Yatsuya H, Tanabe N, Date C, Kikuchi S, Yamamoto A, Inaba Y, Tamakoshi A. Dietary intake of saturated fatty acids and mortality from cardiovascular disease in Japanese: the Japan collaborative cohort study for evaluation of cancer risk (JACC) study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;92:759–65.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Dehghan M, Mente A, Zhang X, Swaminathan S, Li W, Mohan V, Iqbal R, Kumar R, Wentzel-Viljoen E, Rosengren A, et al. Associations of fats and carbohydrate intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality in 18 countries from five continents (PURE): a prospective cohort study. Lancet. 2017;390:2050–62.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Mann J, Meerpohl J, Nishida C, McLean R, Te Morenga L. Associations of fats and carbohydrates with cardiovascular disease and mortality-PURE and simple? Lancet. 2018;391:1676.
Article
Google Scholar
Begg CB, Mazumdar M. Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias. Biometrics. 1994;50:1088–101.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. Bmj. 1997;315:629–34.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Harrell FE Jr, Lee KL, Pollock BG. Regression models in clinical studies: determining relationships between predictors and response. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1988;80:1198–202.
Article
Google Scholar
Threapleton DE, Greenwood DC, Evans CE, Cleghorn CL, Nykjaer C, Woodhead C, Cade JE, Gale CP, Burley VJ. Dietary fibre intake and risk of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Bmj. 2013;347:f6879.
Article
Google Scholar
Larsson SC, Virtamo J, Wolk A. Dietary fats and dietary cholesterol and risk of stroke in women. Atherosclerosis. 2012;221:282–6.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Virtanen JK, Mursu J, Tuomainen TP, Voutilainen S. Dietary fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease in men: the Kuopio ischemic heart disease risk factor study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2014;34:2679–87.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Wallstrom P, Sonestedt E, Hlebowicz J, Ericson U, Drake I, Persson M, Gullberg B, Hedblad B, Wirfalt E. Dietary fiber and saturated fat intake associations with cardiovascular disease differ by sex in the Malmo diet and cancer cohort: a prospective study. PLoS One. 2012;7:e31637.
Article
Google Scholar
Yaemsiri S, Sen S, Tinker L, Rosamond W, Wassertheil-Smoller S, He K. Trans fat, aspirin, and ischemic stroke in postmenopausal women. Ann Neurol. 2012;72:704–15.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
dos Santos AL, Weiss T, Duarte CK, Gross JL, de Azevedo MJ, Zelmanovitz T. Dietary fat composition and cardiac events in patients with type 2 diabetes. Atherosclerosis. 2014;236:31–8.
Article
Google Scholar
Sauvaget C, Nagano J, Hayashi M, Yamada M. Animal protein, animal fat, and cholesterol intakes and risk of cerebral infarction mortality in the adult health study. Stroke. 2004;35:1531–7.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Leosdottir M, Nilsson PM, Nilsson JA, Berglund G. Cardiovascular event risk in relation to dietary fat intake in middle-aged individuals: data from the Malmo diet and cancer study. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2007;14:701–6.
Article
Google Scholar
Nagata C, Nakamura K, Wada K, Oba S, Tsuji M, Tamai Y, Kawachi T. Total fat intake is associated with decreased mortality in Japanese men but not in women. J Nutr. 2012;142:1713–9.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Oomen CM, Ocké MC, Feskens EJM, Erp-Baart M-AJ, Kok FJ, Kromhout D. Association between trans fatty acid intake and 10-year risk of coronary heart disease in the Zutphen elderly study: a prospective population-based study. Lancet. 2001;357:746–51.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Iso H. Fat and protein intakes and risk of Intraparenchymal hemorrhage among middle-aged Japanese. Am J Epidemiol. 2003;157:32–9.
Article
Google Scholar
Boden-Albala B, Elkind MS, White H, Szumski A, Paik MC, Sacco RL. Dietary total fat intake and ischemic stroke risk: the northern Manhattan study. Neuroepidemiology. 2009;32:296–301.
Article
Google Scholar
de Oliveira Otto MC, Mozaffarian D, Kromhout D, Bertoni AG, Sibley CT, Jacobs DR Jr, Nettleton JA. Dietary intake of saturated fat by food source and incident cardiovascular disease: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012;96:397–404.
Article
Google Scholar
Atkinson C, Whitley E, Ness A, Baker I. Associations between types of dietary fat and fish intake and risk of stroke in the Caerphilly prospective study (CaPS). Public Health. 2011;125:345–8.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Gillman MW, Cupples LA, Millen BE, Ellison RC, Wolf PA. Inverse association of dietary fat with development of ischemic stroke in men. Jama. 1997;278:2145–50.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Witteman JC, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Sacks FM, Speizer FE, Rosner B, Hennekens CH. A prospective study of nutritional factors and hypertension among US women. Circulation. 1989;80:1320–7.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Leosdottir M, Nilsson PM, Nilsson JA, Mansson H, Berglund G. Dietary fat intake and early mortality patterns--data from the Malmo diet and cancer study. J Intern Med. 2005;258:153–65.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Boniface DR, Tefft ME. Dietary fats and 16-year coronary heart disease mortality in a cohort of men and women in Great Britain. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002;56:786.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Esrey KL, Joseph L, Grover SA. Relationship between dietary intake and coronary heart disease mortality: lipid research clinics prevalence follow-up study. J Clin Epidemiol. 1996;49:211–6.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Iso H, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, Rexrode K, Hu F, Hennekens CH, Colditz GA, Speizer FE, Willett WC. Prospective study of fat and protein intake and risk of intraparenchymal hemorrhage in women. Circulation. 2001;103:856–63.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Pietinen P, Ascherio A, Korhonen P, Hartman AM, Willett WC, Albanes D, Virtamo J. Intake of fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease in a cohort of Finnish men. The alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene cancer prevention study. Am J Epidemiol. 1997;145:876–87.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Seino F, Date C, Nakayama T, Yoshiike N, Yokoyama T, Yamaguchi M, Tanaka H. Dietary lipids and incidence of cerebral infarction in a Japanese rural community. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 1997;43:83–99.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Posner BM, Cobb JL, Belanger AJ, Cupples LA, D'Agostino RB, Stokes J 3rd. Dietary lipid predictors of coronary heart disease in men. The Framingham study. Arch Intern Med. 1991;151:1181–7.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
He K, Merchant A, Rimm EB, Rosner BA, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Ascherio A. Dietary fat intake and risk of stroke in male US healthcare professionals: 14 year prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2003;327:777–82.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Xu J, Eilat-Adar S, Loria C, Goldbourt U, Howard BV, Fabsitz RR, Zephier EM, Mattil C, Lee ET. Dietary fat intake and risk of coronary heart disease: the strong heart study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;84:894–902.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Wang DD, Li Y, Chiuve SE, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, Rimm EB, Willett WC, Hu FB. Association of specific dietary fats with total and cause-specific mortality. JAMA Intern Med. 2016;176:1134–45.
Article
Google Scholar
Tanasescu M, Cho E, Manson JE, Hu FB. Dietary fat and cholesterol and the risk of cardiovascular disease among women with type 2 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;79:999–1005.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Ascherio A, Rimm EB, Giovannucci EL, Spiegelman D, Stampfer M, Willett WC. Dietary fat and risk of coronary heart disease in men: cohort follow up study in the United States. Bmj. 1996;313:84–90.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Jakobsen MU, Overvad K, Dyerberg J, Schroll M, Heitmann BL. Dietary fat and risk of coronary heart disease: possible effect modification by gender and age. Am J Epidemiol. 2004;160:141–9.
Article
Google Scholar
Chiuve SE, Sandhu RK, Moorthy MV, Glynn RJ, Albert CM. Dietary fat intake is differentially associated with risk of paroxysmal compared with sustained atrial fibrillation in women. J Nutr. 2015;145:2092–101.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Chiuve SE, Rimm EB, Sandhu RK, Bernstein AM, Rexrode KM, Manson JE, Willett WC, Albert CM. Dietary fat quality and risk of sudden cardiac death in women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012;96:498–507.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Puaschitz NG, Strand E, Norekval TM, Dierkes J, Dahl L, Svingen GF, Assmus J, Schartum-Hansen H, Oyen J, Pedersen EK, et al. Dietary intake of saturated fat is not associated with risk of coronary events or mortality in patients with established coronary artery disease. J Nutr. 2015;145:299–305.
Article
Google Scholar
Praagman J, de Jonge EA, Kiefte-de Jong JC, Beulens JW, Sluijs I, Schoufour JD, Hofman A, van der Schouw YT, Franco OH. Dietary saturated fatty acids and coronary heart disease risk in a Dutch middle-aged and elderly population. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2016;36:2011–8.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Dinesen PT, Joensen AM, Rix TA, Tjonneland A, Schmidt EB, Lundbye-Christensen S, Overvad K. Effect of dietary intake of saturated fatty acids on the development of atrial fibrillation and the effect of replacement of saturated with monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Am J Cardiol. 2017;120:1129–32.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Sluijs I, Praagman J, Boer JMA, Verschuren WMM, van der Schouw YT. Fluidity of the dietary fatty acid profile and risk of coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke: results from the EPIC-Netherlands cohort study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2017;27:799–805.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Jakobsen MU, Overvad K, Dyerberg J, Heitmann BL. Intake of ruminant trans fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease. Int J Epidemiol. 2008;37:173–82.
Article
Google Scholar
Kiage JN, Merrill PD, Judd SE, He K, Lipworth L, Cushman M, Howard VJ, Kabagambe EK. Intake of trans fat and incidence of stroke in the REasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke (REGARDS) cohort. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014;99:1071–6.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Li Y, Hruby A, Bernstein AM, Ley SH, Wang DD, Chiuve SE, Sampson L, Rexrode KM, Rimm EB, Willett WC. Saturated fats compared with unsaturated fats and sources of carbohydrates in relation to risk of coronary heart disease: a prospective cohort study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;66:1538–48.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Praagman J, Beulens JW, Alssema M, Zock PL, Wanders AJ, Sluijs I, van der Schouw YT. The association between dietary saturated fatty acids and ischemic heart disease depends on the type and source of fatty acid in the European prospective investigation into Cancer and nutrition-Netherlands cohort. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016;103:356–65.
Article
Google Scholar
Yamagishi K, Iso H, Kokubo Y, Saito I, Yatsuya H, Ishihara J, Inoue M, Tsugane S. Dietary intake of saturated fatty acids and incident stroke and coronary heart disease in Japanese communities: the JPHC study. Eur Heart J. 2013;34:1225–32.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Jiang L, Hou R, Gong TT, Wu QJ. Dietary fat intake and endometrial cancer risk: dose-response meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Sci Rep. 2015;5:16693.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Wang F, Lin X, Zhao Q, Li J. Fat intake and risk of ulcerative colitis: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;32:19–27.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Brennan SF, Woodside JV, Lunny PM, Cardwell CR, Cantwell MM. Dietary fat and breast cancer mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2017;57:1999–2008.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Skeaff CM, Miller J. Dietary fat and coronary heart disease: summary of evidence from prospective cohort and randomised controlled trials. Ann Nutr Metab. 2009;55:173–201.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
de Souza RJ, Mente A, Maroleanu A, Cozma AI, Ha V, Kishibe T, Uleryk E, Budylowski P, Schunemann H, Beyene J, Anand SS: Intake of saturated and trans unsaturated fatty acids and risk of all cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. BMJ 2015, 351:h3978.
Garshick M, Mochari-Greenberger H, Mosca L. Reduction in dietary trans fat intake is associated with decreased LDL particle number in a primary prevention population. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2014;24:100–6.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Aronis KN, Khan SM, Mantzoros CS. Effects of trans fatty acids on glucose homeostasis: a meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012;96:1093–9.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Angelieri CT, Barros CR, Siqueira-Catania A, Ferreira SR. Trans fatty acid intake is associated with insulin sensitivity but independently of inflammation. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2012;45:625–31.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Mozaffarian D, Pischon T, Hankinson SE, Rifai N, Joshipura K, Willett WC, Rimm EB. Dietary intake of trans fatty acids and systemic inflammation in women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;79:606–12.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Lopez-Garcia E, Schulze MB, Meigs JB, Manson JE, Rifai N, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Hu FB. Consumption of trans fatty acids is related to plasma biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. J Nutr. 2005;135:562–6.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Higgins JPT, Green S. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration. 2011. Available from: http://www.cochrane-handbook.org