Borchers AT, Stern JS, Hackman RM, Keen CL, Gershwin ME: Mushrooms, tumors, and immunity. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1999, 221: 281-293. 10.1046/j.1525-1373.1999.d01-86.x
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kabir Y, Kimura S, Tamura T: Dietary effect of Ganoderma lucidum mushroom on blood pressure and lipid levels in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 1988, 34: 433-438.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Li Khva Ren, Vasil'ev AV, Orekhov AN, Tertov VV, Tutel'ian VA: [Anti-atherosclerotic properties of higher mushrooms (a clinico-experimental investigation)]. Vopr Pitan. 1989, 16-19. 1
Opletal L, Jahodar L, Chobot V, Zdansky P, Lukes J, Bratova M, Solichova D, Blunden G, Dacke CG, Patel AV: Evidence for the anti-hyperlipidaemic activity of the edible fungus Pleurotus ostreatus. Br J Biomed Sci. 1997, 54: 240-243.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bobek P, Ozdin L, Galbavy S: Dose- and time-dependent hypocholesterolemic effect of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) in rats. Nutrition. 1998, 14: 282-286. 10.1016/S0899-9007(97)00471-1
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bobek P, Galbavy S: Hypocholesterolemic and antiatherogenic effect of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) in rabbits. Nahrung. 1999, 43: 339-342. 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3803(19991001)43:5<339::AID-FOOD339>3.3.CO;2-X
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cheung PC, Lee MY: Fractionation and characterization of mushroom dietary fiber (nonstarch polysaccharides) as potential nutraceuticals from sclerotia of Pleurotus tuber-regium (Fries) singer. J Agric Food Chem. 2000, 48: 3148-3151. 10.1021/jf000382s
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gunde-Cimerman N, Plemenitas A: Hypocholesterolemic activity of the genus Pleurotus (Fr.) Karst. (Agaricales s.l., Basidiomycetes). Int J Medicinal Mushrooms. 2001, 3: A91-
Google Scholar
Cheung PC: Plasma and hepatic cholesterol levels and fecal neutral sterol excretion are altered in hamsters fed straw mushroom diets. J Nutr. 1998, 128: 1512-1516.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fukushima M, Nakano M, Morii Y, Ohashi T, Fujiwara Y, Sonoyama K: Hepatic LDL receptor mRNA in rats is increased by dietary mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) fiber and sugar beet fiber. J Nutr. 2000, 130: 2151-2156.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Beynen AC, Fielmich AM, Lemmens AG, Terpstra AH: Farm-grown mushrooms (Agaricus campestris) in the diet of rats do not affect plasma and liver cholesterol concentrations. Nahrung. 1996, 40: 343-345.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cheung PCK: The hypocholesterolemic effect of extracellular polysaccharide from the submerged fermentation of mushroom. Nutr Res. 1996, 16: 1953-1957. 10.1016/S0271-5317(96)00218-7. 10.1016/S0271-5317(96)00218-7
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Cheung PCK: The hypocholesterolemic effect of two edible mushroom: Auricularia auricula (Tree-ear) and Tremella fuciformis (White-jelly leaf) in hypercholesterolemic rats. Nutr Res. 1996, 16: 1721-1725. 10.1016/0271-5317(96)00191-1. 10.1016/0271-5317(96)00191-1
Article
Google Scholar
Kabir Y, Yamaguchi M, Kimura S: Effect of shiitake (Lentinus edodes) and maitake (Grifola frondosa) mushrooms on blood pressure and plasma lipids of spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 1987, 33: 341-346.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Kubo K, Nanba H: The effect of maitake mushrooms on liver and serum lipids. Altern Ther Health Med. 1996, 2: 62-66.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sugiyama K, Yamakawa A, Saeki S: Correlation of suppressed linoleic acid metabolism with the hypocholesterolemic action of eritadenine in rats. Lipids. 1997, 32: 859-866.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sugiyama K, Kawagishi H, Tanaka A, Saeki S, Yoshida S, Sakamoto H, Ishiguro Y: Isolation of plasma cholesterol-lowering components from ningyotake (Polyporus confluens) mushroom. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 1992, 38: 335-342.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Kaneda T, Tokuda S: Effect of various mushroom preparations on cholesterol levels in rats. J Nutr. 1966, 90: 371-376.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shao G: [Treatment of hyperlipidemia with cultivated Cordyceps –– a double-blind, randomized placebo control trial]. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi (Chin J Integ Med). 1985, 5: 642-665.
Google Scholar
Tao J, Feng KY: Experimental and clinical studies on inhibitory effect of Ganoderma lucidum on platelet aggregation. J Tongji Med Univ. 1990, 10: 240-243.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chang ST: Ganoderma – the leader in production and technology of mushroom neutraceuticals. In: Recent advances in Ganoderma lucidum research. Edited by: Kim B-K, Kim YS. 1995, 43-52. Seoul, Korea: The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea,
Google Scholar
Chen AW, Miles PG: Biomedical research and the application of the mushroom nutriceuticals from Ganoderma lucidum. In: Mushroom Biology and Mushroom Products. Edited by: Royse DJ. 1996, 161-175. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University,
Google Scholar
Mizuno T: Oriental medicinal tradition of Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) in China. In: Ganoderma lucidum. Edited by: Mizuno T, Kim B-K. 1996, 101-106. Seoul, Korea: II-Yang Pharm. Co. Ltd,
Google Scholar
Sun-Soo T: Effective dosage of the extract of Ganoderma lucidum in the treatment of various ailments. In: Mushroom Biology and Mushroom Products. Edited by: Royse DJ. 1996, 177-185. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University,
Google Scholar
Wasser SP, Weis AL: Therapeutic effects of substances occurring in higher Basidiomycetes mushrooms: a modern perspective. Crit Rev Immunol. 1999, 19: 65-96.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chang ST, Buswell JA: Medicinal Mushrooms – A Prominent Source of Nutriceuticals for the 21st century. Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research. 2003, 1: 257-280.
CAS
Google Scholar
Shiao MS: Natural products of the medicinal fungus Ganoderma lucidum: occurrence, biological activities, and pharmacological functions. Chem Rec. 2003, 3: 172-180. 10.1002/tcr.10058
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lee SY, Rhee HM: Cardiovascular effects of mycelium extract of Ganoderma lucidum: inhibition of sympathetic outflow as a mechanism of its hypotensive action. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 1990, 38: 1359-1364.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Rein D, Monnard I, German JB, Berger A: Screening of cholesterol absorption and synthesis inhibiting food ingredients in hamster models. FASEB J. 2000, 14: A250-
Google Scholar
Cevallos WH, Holmes WL, Myers RN, Smink RD: Swine in atherosclerosis research – Development of an experimental animal model and study of the effect of dietary fats on cholesterol metabolism. Atherosclerosis. 1979, 34: 303-317.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Clarkson T, Shively C, Weingand K: Animal Models of diet-Induced Atherosclerosis. In: Use of Animal Models for Research in Human Nutrition. Edited by: Beynen A, West C. 1988, 6: 56-82. Basel: Karger
Google Scholar
Fadden K, Hill MJ, Latymer E, Low G, Owen RW: Steroid metabolism along the gastrointestinal tract of the cannulated pig. Eur J Cancer Prev. 1999, 8: 35-40.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hikino H, Ishiyama M, Suzuki Y, Konno C: Mechanisms of hypoglycemic activity of ganoderan B: a glycan of Ganoderma lucidum fruit bodies. Planta Med. 1989, 55: 423-428.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bao X, Duan J, Fang X, Fang J: Chemical modifications of the (1-->3)-alpha-D-glucan from spores of Ganoderma lucidum and investigation of their physicochemical properties and immunological activity. Carbohydr Res. 2001, 336: 127-140. 10.1016/S0008-6215(01)00238-5
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Zhu M, Chang Q, Wong LK, Chong FS, Li RC: Triterpene antioxidants from Ganoderma lucidum. Phytother Res. 1999, 13: 529-531. 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199909)13:6<529::AID-PTR481>3.0.CO;2-X
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wu TS, Shi LS, Kuo SC: Cytotoxicity of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes. J Nat Prod. 2001, 64: 1121-1122. 10.1021/np010115w
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gao JJ, Min BS, Ahn EM, Nakamura N, Lee HK, Hattori M: New triterpene aldehydes, lucialdehydes A-C, from Ganoderma lucidum and their cytotoxicity against murine and human tumor cells. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2002, 50: 837-840. 10.1248/cpb.50.837
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Luo J, Zhao YY, Li ZB: A new lanostane-type triterpene from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum. J Asian Nat Prod Res. 2002, 4: 129-134. 10.1080/10286020290027416
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ma J, Ye Q, Hua Y, Zhang D, Cooper R, Chang MN, Chang JY, Sun HH: New lanostanoids from the mushroom Ganoderma lucidum. J Nat Prod. 2002, 65: 72-75. 10.1021/np010385e
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Komoda Y, Shimizu M, Sonoda Y, Sato Y: Ganoderic acid and its derivatives as cholesterol synthesis inhibitors. Chem Pharm Bull. 1989, 37: 531-533.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mizushina Y, Takahashi N, Hanashima L, Koshino H, Esumi Y, Uzawa J, Sugawara F, Sakaguchi K: Lucidenic acid O and lactone, new terpene inhibitors of eukaryotic DNA polymerases from a basidiomycete, Ganoderma lucidum. Bioorg Med Chem. 1999, 7: 2047-2052. 10.1016/S0968-0896(99)00121-2
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ha TB, Gerhauser C, Zhang WD, Ho-Chong-Line N, Fouraste I: New lanostanoids from Ganoderma lucidum that induce NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase in cultured murine hepatoma cells. Planta Med. 2000, 66: 681-684. 10.1055/s-2000-8647
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Walker KA, Kertesz DJ, Rotstein DM, Swinney DC, Berry PW, So OY, Webb AS, Watson DM, Mak AY, Burton PM: Selective inhibition of mammalian lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase: a possible strategy for cholesterol lowering. J Med Chem. 1993, 36: 2235-2237.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Frye LL, Leonard DA: Lanosterol analogs: dual-action inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 1999, 34: 123-140.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bergstrom JD, Dufresne C, Bills GF, Nallin-Omstead M, Byrne K: Discovery, biosynthesis, and mechanism of action of the zaragozic acids: potent inhibitors of squalene synthase. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1995, 49: 607-639. 10.1146/annurev.mi.49.100195.003135
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bollen P, Ellegaard L: The Gottingen minipig in pharmacology and toxicology. Pharmacol Toxicol. 1997, 80 (Suppl 2): 3-4.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gunde-Cimerman N, Cimerman A: Pleurotus fruiting bodies contain the inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase-lovastatin. Exp Mycol. 1995, 19: 1-6. 10.1006/emyc.1995.1001
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ogawa H, Hasumi K, Sakai K, Murakawa S, Endo A: Pannorin, a new 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor produced by Chrysosporium pannorum. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 1991, 44: 762-767.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Morisaki M, Sonoda Y, Makino T, Ogihara N, Ikekawa N, Sato Y: Inhibitory effect of 15-oxygenated sterols on cholesterol synthesis from 24, 25-dihydrolanosterol. J Biochem (Tokyo). 1986, 99: 597-600.
CAS
Google Scholar
Aoyama Y, Yoshida Y, Sonoda Y, Sato Y: 7-Oxo-24, 25-dihydrolanosterol: a novel lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase (P-45014DM) inhibitor which blocks electron transfer to the oxyferro intermediate. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1987, 922: 270-277.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sonoda Y, Obi N, Onoda M, Sakakibara Y, Sato Y: Effects of 32-oxygenated lanosterol derivatives on 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity and cholesterol biosynthesis from 24, 25-dihydrolanosterol. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 1992, 40: 2796-2799.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Trzaskos JM, Magolda RL, Favata MF, Fischer RT, Johnson PR, Chen HW, Ko SS, Leonard DA, Gaylor JL: Modulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase by 15 alpha-fluorolanost-7-en-3 beta-ol. A mechanism-based inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis. J Biol Chem. 1993, 268: 22591-22599.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Morand OH, Aebi JD, Dehmlow H, Ji YH, Gains N, Lengsfeld H, Himber J: Ro 48-8.071, a new 2, 3-oxidosqualene:lanosterol cyclase inhibitor lowering plasma cholesterol in hamsters, squirrel monkeys, and minipigs: comparison to simvastatin. J Lipid Res. 1997, 38: 373-390.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ness GC, Gertz KR, Holland RC: Regulation of hepatic lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase gene expression by dietary cholesterol and cholesterol-lowering agents. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2001, 395: 233-238. 10.1006/abbi.2001.2590
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Conde K, Roy S, Freake HC, Newton RS, Fernandez ML: Atorvastatin and simvastatin have distinct effects on hydroxy methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity and mRNA abundance in the guinea pig. Lipids. 1999, 34: 1327-1332.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Del Puppo M, Rauli S, Galli Kienle M: Inhibition of cholesterol synthesis and hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase in rats by simvastatin and pravastatin. Lipids. 1995, 30: 1057-1061.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Himber J, Missano B, Rudling M, Hennes U, Kempen HJ: Effects of stigmastanyl-phosphocholine (Ro 16-6532) and lovastatin on lipid and lipoprotein levels and lipoprotein metabolism in the hamster on different diets. J Lipid Res. 1995, 36: 1567-1585.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Krause BR, Princen HM: Lack of predictability of classical animal models for hypolipidemic activity: a good time for mice?. Atherosclerosis. 1998, 140: 15-24. 10.1016/S0021-9150(98)00141-5
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ma PT, Gil G, Sudhof TC, Bilheimer DW, Goldstein JL, Brown MS: Mevinolin, an inhibitor of cholesterol synthesis, induces mRNA for low density lipoprotein receptor in livers of hamsters and rabbits. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986, 83: 8370-8374.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Huff MW, Telford DE: Regulation of low density lipoprotein apoprotein B metabolism by lovastatin and cholestyramine in miniature pigs: effects on LDL composition and synthesis of LDL subfractions. Metabolism. 1989, 38: 256-264.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tikkanen MJ: Statins: within-group comparisons, statin escape and combination therapy. Curr Opin Lipidol. 1996, 7: 385-388.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Knopp RH: Drug treatment of lipid disorders. N Engl J Med. 1999, 341: 498-511. 10.1056/NEJM199908123410707
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Berger A, Gremaud G, Baumgartner M, Rein D, Monnard I, Kratky E, Geiger W, Burri J, Dionisi F, Allan M, Lambelet P: Cholesterol-lowering properties of amaranth grain and oil in hamsters. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2003, 73: 39-47.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Burnett JR, Wilcox LJ, Telford DE, Kleinstiver SJ, Barrett PH, Newton RS, Huff MW, Barrett P: Inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase by atorvastatin decreases both VLDL and LDL apolipoprotein B production in miniature pigs. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1997, 17: 2589-2600.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Burnett JR, Wilcox LJ, Telford DE, Kleinstiver SJ, Barrett PH, Newton RS, Huff MW: The magnitude of decrease in hepatic very low density lipoprotein apolipoprotein B secretion is determined by the extent of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibition in miniature pigs. Endocrinology. 1999, 140: 5293-5302. 10.1210/en.140.11.5293
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Miettinen TA, Strandberg TE, Gylling H: Noncholesterol sterols and cholesterol lowering by long-term simvastatin treatment in coronary patients: relation to basal serum cholestanol. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2000, 20: 1340-1346.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Collinder E, Cardona ME, Kozakova H, Norin E, Stern S, Midtvedt T: Biochemical intestinal parameters in pigs reared outdoors and indoors, and in germ-free pigs. J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med. 2002, 49: 203-209. 10.1046/j.1439-0442.2002.00407.x
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Edwards PA, Kast HR, Anisfeld AM: BAREing it all: the adoption of LXR and FXR and their roles in lipid homeostasis. J Lipid Res. 2002, 43: 2-12.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Davis RA, Miyake JH, Hui TY, Spann NJ: Regulation of cholesterol-7alpha-hydroxylase: BAREly missing a SHP. J Lipid Res. 2002, 43: 533-543.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bobek P, Ozdin L, Kuniak L: The effect of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus), its ethanolic extract and extraction residues on cholesterol levels in serum, lipoproteins and liver of rat. Nahrung. 1995, 39: 98-99.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pfeifer AM, Cole KE, Smoot DT, Weston A, Groopman JD, Shields PG, Vignaud JM, Juillerat M, Lipsky MM, Trump BF: Simian virus 40 large tumor antigen-immortalized normal human liver epithelial cells express hepatocyte characteristics and metabolize chemical carcinogens. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993, 90: 5123-5127.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Askenazi M, Driggers EM, Holtzman DA, Norman TC, Iverson S, Zimmer DP, Boers ME, Blomquist PR, Martinez EJ, Monreal AW: Integrating transcriptional and metabolite profiles to direct the engineering of lovastatin-producing fungal strains. Nat Biotechnol. 2003, 21: 150-156. 10.1038/nbt781
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Berlin E, Khan MA, Henderson GR, Kliman PG: Influence of age and sex on composition and lipid fluidity in miniature swine plasma lipoproteins. Atherosclerosis. 1985, 54: 187-203.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Burnett JR, Wilcox LJ, Telford DE, Kleinstiver SJ, Barrett PH, Newton RS, Huff MW: Inhibition of ACAT by avasimibe decreases both VLDL and LDL apolipoprotein B production in miniature pigs. J Lipid Res. 1999, 40: 1317-1328.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ritskes-Hoitinga J, Bollen PJA: Nutrition of (Göttingen) minipigs: facts, assumptions and mysteries. Pharmacol Toxicol. 1997, 80 (Supl II): 5-9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gremaud G, Piguet C, Baumgartner M, Pouteau E, Decarli B, Berger A, Fay LB: Simultaneous assessment of cholesterol absorption and synthesis in humans using on-line gas chromatography/combustion and gas chromatography/pyrolysis/isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2001, 15: 1207-1213. 10.1002/rcm.365
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gremaud G, Dalan E, Piguet C, Baumgartner M, Ballabeni P, Decarli B, Leser ME, Berger A, Fay LB: Effects of non-esterified stanols in a liquid emulsion on cholesterol absorption and synthesis in hypercholesterolemic men. Eur J Nutr. 2002, 41: 54-60. 10.1007/s003940200008
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nutrient Requirements for Swine – 10th Revised Edition. 1998, Washington, D. C.: National Research Council/National Academy of Science (NRC/NAS)
Shapiro JD, Nordstrom LJ, Mitschelen JJ, Rodwell VW, Schimke RT: Micro assay for 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase in rat liver and in L-cell fibroblast. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1974, 370: 369-377. 10.1016/0005-2744(74)90098-9
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar